Chapter 1 Intro to Biochem Flashcards
Thiol Functional Group and name
-SH (sulfhydryl)
Condensation Reaction
when two simple functional groups join together with the loss of a small molecule such as water, H2S or H2
How are biopolymers made?
condensation reactions
What is the opposite of condensation reactions?
hydrolysis
Phosphoesters are ___ energy bonds
low energy
4 steps to creation of life
- creating monomers
- making polymers
- making self-replicating systems
- making life
What did Urey and Miller do?
They created racemic gas mixtures from the abiotic formation of organic compounds (creating monomers: building blocks)
What forms polymers?
condensation reactions (monomers together to build chain)
What does DNA replicate through?
complementarity
What is complementarity and what does it allow?
complementarity is the specific pairing of functional groups and allows macromolecules to replicate
What did Thomas Cech discover?
the first RNA enzyme (ribozyme)
When is hydrolysis unfavored?
at high temperatures
What did Urey/Miller say about the atmosphere?
it was never reducing
What is phylogeny based on?
taxonomy: the way something looks
What are the 3 domains of living organisms?
eukarya, archaea and bacteria
Who discovered archaea?
carl woese
Prokaryotic cells
- no nucleus
- a single plasma membrane
Eukaryotic cells
- much larger than prokaryotic cells
- nucleus + more organelles
- ER, Golgi, mitochondria etc
Why are prokaryotic cells small?
they need to maintain large surface area:volume ration to enable the diffusion of food and oxygen
Who discovered Endosymbiotic origin?
Lynn Margulis
What is a summary of the endosymbiotic system?
Aerobic bacterium is added to the eukaryote (bacterial genome). Then photosynthetic cyanobacterium is added and the light energy is used to synthesize CO2 molecules. When added, it multiples and a new cell can make ATP using energy from sunlight. The Cyanobacteria genes move to the nucleus and become plastids (chloroplasts)
