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bio 141 > Chapter 1 - Intro to Anatomy and Physiology > Flashcards

Chapter 1 - Intro to Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Chemical Level

A

Smallest level | Ranges from tiny atoms to complex chemical structures (molecules) composed of thousands of atoms

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2
Q

Cellular Level

A

Groups of many diff types of molecules combined in specific ways to form cellular structures

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3
Q

Tissue Level

A

2 or more cell types cooperate to perform common function | cells and surrounding extracellular matrix | vary from membrane sheets that cover body cavities to irregularly shaped cartilage in nose

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4
Q

Organ Level

A

2 or more tissue types combined to form organ | recognizable shape | performs specialized task

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5
Q

Organ System Level

A

2 or more organs together carry out broad function

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6
Q

Organism Level

A

Organ systems function together to make up working human body, an organism

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7
Q

Integumentary System

A

Hair, skin, nails | protects body from external enviroment

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8
Q

Skeletal System

A

Bones, joints | supports the body, protects internal organs, movement

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9
Q

Muscular System

A

Skeletal muscles | produces movement, controls body openings, generates hear

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10
Q

Nervous System

A

Brain, spinal cord, nerves | regulates body functions, provides for sensation/movement/function

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11
Q

Endocrine System

A

Glands, reproductive organs | regulates body functions, regulates function of muscles, glands, and tissues through secretion of hormones

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12
Q

Cardiovascular System

A

Blood vessels, heart | pumps dlivers 02 poor blood to lungs and 02 rich blood to the tissues

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13
Q

Lymphatic System

A

Tonsils, lymph nodes, thymus, spleen | returns excess tissue fluid to cardiovascular system, provides immunity

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14
Q

Respiratory System

A

Pharynx, larynx, trachea, lungs | delivers 02 to the blood, removes carbon dioxide from the body

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15
Q

Digestive System

A

Mouth, salivary glands, esophagus, liver, stomach, gallbladder, pancreas, intestines | digests food, absorbs nutrients into the blood, removes food waste

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16
Q

Urinary System

A

Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra | removes metabolic wastes from blood, maintains fluid/electrolyte/and acid-base balance

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17
Q

Reproductive systems

A

Testis, penis, uterus, vagina | produces/transports sperm/oocytes, secretes hormones, sexual function

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18
Q

Systemic Anatomy

A

Used in textbook and examines human body by individual organ systems

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19
Q

Regional Anatomy

A

Divides body into regions of study like the head and neck

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20
Q

Surface Anatomy

A

Studies surface markings of body

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21
Q

Gross Anatomy

A

Examines structures that can be seen with unaided eye

22
Q

Microscopic Anatomy

A

Studies structures that can ONLY be seen with aid of microscope include histology (study of tissues) and cytology (study of cells)

23
Q

Physiology

A

Subfields classified by organ/organ system being studied

24
Q

Sagittal Plane

A

Divides body/body part into right/left sections

25
Q

Midsagittal Plane

A

Divides body/body part into EQUAL left/right sections

26
Q

Parasagittal Plane

A

Divides body/body part into UNEQUAL right and left sections

27
Q

Frontal/Coronal Plane

A

Divides body/body part into anterior and posterior sections

28
Q

Transverse/Horizontal Plane

A

Divides body/body part into superior and inferior sections or proximal and distal sections for structures of appendicular region

29
Q

Oblique Plane

A

Taken at an angle; useful for structures that are difficult to examine using only 3 primary planes of sections

30
Q

Cavity

A

Any fluid-filled space within the body, protects internal organs and allows them to move/expand as necessary to perform functions

31
Q

Posterior Body Cavity

A

Cranial cavity/vertebral (spinal) cavity | filled with CSF

32
Q

Anterior Body Cavity

A

Separated by diaphragm | Pleural cavity | Mediastinum | Pericardial cavity

33
Q

Pleural Cavities

A

Each surround a lung

34
Q

Mediastinum

A

Between pleural cavities; houses heart, great vessels, trachea, and esophagus (not within serous membrane)

35
Q

Pericardial Cavity

A

Within mediastinum; within serous membrane that surrounds heart

36
Q

Abdominopelvic cavity and subdivisions

A

Contains organs from several systems | Peritoneal cavity

37
Q

Peritoneal Cavity

A

Abdominal subcavity found within serous membrane

38
Q

Upper Right Region of Abdomen

A

Right hypochondriac region

39
Q

Upper Middle Region of Abdomen

A

Epigastric region

40
Q

Upper Left Region of Abdomen

A

Left hypochondriac region

41
Q

Middle Right Region of Abdomen

A

Right lumbar region

42
Q

Middle Region of Abdomen

A

Umbilical region

43
Q

Middle Left Region of Abdomen

A

Left lumbar region

44
Q

Lower Right Region of Abdomen

A

Right iliac region

45
Q

Lower Middle Region of Abdomen

A

Hypogastric region

46
Q

Lower Left Region of Abdomen

A

Left iliac region

47
Q

Serous Membrane

A

Thin sheets of tissue; form cavities in ventral cavity; surrounds hearts, lungs, and abdominal organs

48
Q

Pleural Membrane

A

Consists of parietal pleura and pleural cavities

49
Q

Pericardial Membranes

A

Consists of parietal pericardium

50
Q

Peritoneal Membranes

A

Surrounds some abdominal organs | consists of outer parietal peritoneum and inner visceral peritoneum | doesn’t cover every organ; like kidneys (behind parietal peritoneum)

51
Q

Characteristics of Living Organisms

A

Metabolism, growth, excretion, responsiveness or irritability, reproduction

bio 141 (1 decks)

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