Chapter 1: Intro to Anatomy and Physiology

Question 1

What are the different levels of organization?

Answer 1

1. Chemicals (atoms, molecules, and macromolecules)
2. Organelles
3. Cells
4. Tissues
5. Organs
6. Organ systems
7. Organisms

Question 2

What are chemicals?

Answer 2

Chemicals include atoms, molecules and macromolecules.

Question 3

What are organelles?

Answer 3

Aggregates of molecules which are used to carry out a specific function within a cell

Question 4

What are cells?

Answer 4

The basic unit of structure and function within a organism

Question 5

What are tissues?

Answer 5

Groups of cells that function together

Question 6

What are organs?

Answer 6

Groups of tissues with specialized functions

Question 7

What are organ systems?

Answer 7

Groups of organs tasked to carry out a specific function within a organism

Question 8

What is a organism

Answer 8

Composed of organ systems functioning together

Question 9

What are the characteristics of life?

Answer 9

1. Growth
2. Reproduction
3. Responsiveness
4. Movement
5. Metabolism

Question 10

Describe growth in a living being

Answer 10

Growth includes increase in body size, and number of cells

Question 11

Describe reproduction

Answer 11

Production of new organisms or cells

Question 12

Describe responsiveness in a living being

Answer 12

Reaction to internal or external changes

Question 13

Describe movement in a living being

Answer 13

Change in position of body part or organ

Question 14

Describe the stages of metabolism (Nutrient cycling)

Answer 14

1. Respiration
2. Digestion
3. Circulation
4. Excretion

Question 15

What are requirements of organisms to maintain life? Hint: Environmental factors

Answer 15

1. Water
2. Heat
3. Pressure
4. Food
5. Oxygen

Question 16

What is homeostasis?

Answer 16

Maintenance of a stable internal enviroment is called homeostasis.

Question 17

What are the different mechanisms of homeostasis?

Answer 17

1. Receptors: Structures that monitors deviations from the set point and provide information about any changes
2. Set point: The normal value for a particular varible the body tries to maintain
3. Effectors: Muscles or cells that try to bring about the changes needed to bring a variable back to the set point

Question 18

In Homeostasis, what is a negative and positive feedback?

Answer 18

Negative/positive feedback occurs when a change in a
variable triggers a response

Negative reverses the initial change.
Positive causes more change in the same direction.