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Human Anatomy & Physiology > Chapter 1-Intro To A & P > Flashcards

Chapter 1-Intro To A & P Flashcards

0
Q

Physiology

A

Study of function of body parts. Studies mostly by experimentation.

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1
Q

Anatomy

A

Study of structure. Mostly by examination or dissection.

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2
Q

Gross Anatomy

A

The study of what we can see with our unaided eye.

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3
Q

Subatomic Particles

A

Electrons, protons, neutrons

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4
Q

Atoms

A

The smallest unit of an element. Examples: Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen.

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5
Q

Molecules

A

More than one atom chemically bonded together. Example: oxygen, water.

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6
Q

Macromolecules

A

Carbohydrates, proteins, fats (lipids), nucleic acids-DNA & RNA.

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7
Q

Organelles

A

Have specific jobs within a cell. Examples: Golgi, mitochondria, nucleus, lysosomes.

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8
Q

Cells

A

Basic unit of life. Example: nerve cell, mulch cell.

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9
Q

Tissues

A

Cells + extra cellular matrix (ECM). Cells = grapes ECM = jelly

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10
Q

Organs

A

More than one type of tissue. Heart, liver, lungs…..complex structures with specialized functions.

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11
Q

Organ systems

A

Integumentary system, muscular system. Example: cardiovascular, endocrine, integumentary.

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12
Q

Organism

A

Us.

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13
Q

Characteristics of Life

Things Life Does

A

Movement, responsiveness, growth, reproduction, respiration, digestion, absorption, circulation, and excretion.

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14
Q

Metabolism

A

(as in I have a fast/slow metabolism. This is the sum total of all the chemical reactions in our body.
Chemical reactions change the bonds between atoms in molecules.

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15
Q

Requirements of Organisms

A
  1. Water 2. Foods 3. Oxygen 4. Heat 5. Pressure (atmospheric=breathing/hydrostatic=circulatory system)
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16
Q

Vital Signs

A

Signs of life. Example: heart rate, blood pressure, temperature.

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17
Q

Homeostasis

A

The ability to maintain a stable internal environment. Example: temperature, ph acid/base.
Basically all physiological goals are to maintain the same internal environment.

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18
Q

How is homeostasis mostly maintained?

A

Through negative feedback, where the body changes to return to the set point.
Example: temperature

19
Q

Positive Feedback

A

Less common and needs to go to completion. Example: blood clotting, childbirth, peeing.

20
Q

Appendages

A

Legs and arms

21
Q

Axial

A

Everything except legs and arms. Axial region include head, neck and trunk.

22
Q

Cavities

A

Spaces: only found in the Axial region.

23
Q

Cranial Cavity

A

Houses the brain.

24
Q

Vertebral Cavity (Canal)

A

Contains the Spinal Cord

25
Q

Dorsal Cavities

A

Cranial cavity and vertebral cavity.

26
Q

Thoracic Cavity

A

Lungs, mediastinum, heart, esophagus, trachea, thymus.

27
Q

Abdominopelvic Cavity

A

Abdominal Cavity include stomach, liver, spleen, gallbladder, small and large intestine, kidneys, pancreas.

28
Q

Ventral Body Cavities

Internal organs=viscera

A

Thoracic cavity, abdominal cavity, abdominopelvic cavity, pelvic cavity.

29
Q

Diaphragm

A

Is a sheet of muscle that separates the thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity.

30
Q

Pelvic Cavity

A

Anus, urinary bladder, internal reproductive organs.

31
Q

Superior

A

Above

The thoracic cavity is superior to the abdominopelvic cavity.

32
Q

Inferior

A

Below

The neck is inferior to the head.

33
Q

Anterior

A

Front

The eyes are anterior to the brain.

34
Q

Posterior

A

Back (think butt)

The pharynx is posterior to the oral cavity.

35
Q

Dorsal

A

Back

Think shark, dorsal fin

36
Q

Ventral

A

Front

37
Q

Medial

A

Center (think middle)

The nose is medial to the eyes.

38
Q

Lateral

A

Side

The ears are lateral to the eyes.

39
Q

Cranial

A

Head

40
Q

Caudal

A

Tail (more for animals, but still applies)

41
Q

Proximal

A

Closer to trunk

The elbow is proximal to the wrist.

42
Q

Distal

A

Farther from the trunk. (Distant)

The fingers are distant to the wrist.

43
Q

Superficial

A

Surface

The epidermis is the superficial layer of the skin.

44
Q

Deep

A

Internal

The dermis is the deep layer of the skin.

Human Anatomy & Physiology (1 decks)

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