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Anatomy Exam 1 > Chapter 1 Intro > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Intro Flashcards

1
Q

Herophilus

A

Father of Anatomy

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2
Q

Andreas Vesalius

A

Father of Modern Anatomy

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3
Q

types of Microscopic Anatomy

A

cytology and histology

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4
Q

Cytology

A

study of cells

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5
Q

Histology

A

study of tissues

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6
Q

types of Gross Anatomy

A

Surface, clinical, and surgical

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7
Q

Surface anatomy

A

superficial anatomical markings & relationship to deeper structures

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8
Q

Clinical anatomy

A

changes during illnesses

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9
Q

Surgical anatomy

A

landmarks for surgical procedures

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10
Q

Developmental anatomy

A

changes over time

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11
Q

Comparative anatomy

A

(homology) anatomical similarities & differences between types of animals typically vertebrates

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12
Q

Synapomorphies

A

shared derived traits; all members of a group have that trait

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13
Q

Vertebrate synapomorphies

A

dorsal hollow nerve cord, notochord, post-anal tail, pharyngeal arches

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14
Q

hypertrophy

A

increase in size of cells

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15
Q

hyperplasia

A

increase in number of cells

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16
Q

differentiation

A

cells with particular functions

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17
Q

Anabolism

A

synthesis of complex molecules

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18
Q

Catabolism

A

breakdown of complex molecules

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19
Q

Absorption

A

process of bringing material into body

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20
Q

Respiration

A

absorption, transport, & use of oxygen

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21
Q

Excretion

A

removal of waste, CO2, excess ions

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22
Q

The Integumentary System

A

protects against external environment; thermoregulation and sensory

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23
Q

The Skeletal System

A

support & protection; immunity, storage of Ca+, and feeding

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24
Q

The Muscular System

A

locomotion; thermoregulation & storage of amino acids

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25
Q

The Nervous System

A

Relays/processes info for homeostasis & senses; hormones

26
Q

The Endocrine System

A

chronic homeostasis; allows for reproduction; hormones

27
Q

The Cardiovascular system

A

transport of gasses & nutrients; thermoregulation, pH balance, immune function, & endocrine function

28
Q

The Lymphatic system

A

Immune function & water balance; aids in absorption of nutrients

29
Q

The respiratory system

A

gas exchange & pH balance; water balance

30
Q

The Digestive system

A

Digestion & absorption of nutrients; water absorption; removes waste from blood & immune function

31
Q

The Urinary system

A

filters blood of excess, waste, ions, & solutes; pH & water balances; endocrine function

32
Q

The Reproductive System

A

only w/o primary homeostatic role; secondary sex characteristics

33
Q

Anatomical position

A

-standing with feet flat on floor
-hands are at side
-palms are facing forward (anterior)

34
Q

supine

A

lying face up

35
Q

prone

A

lying face down

36
Q

proximal

A

toward an attached base

37
Q

lateral

A

away from the midline

38
Q

medial

A

toward the midline

39
Q

distal

A

away from attached base

40
Q

Inferior/caudal

A

toward the tail

41
Q

Posterior/dorsal

A

the back; behind

42
Q

deep

A

toward the interior of the body; farther from the surface

43
Q

superficial

A

at, near, or relatively close to the body surface

44
Q

superior

A

above; at a higher level

45
Q

cranial

A

toward the head

46
Q

anterior/ventral

A

the front; the abdominal side

47
Q

thoracic cavity

A

surrounded by chest wall and diaphragm

48
Q

left plural cavity

A

surrounds left lung

49
Q

mediastinum

A

contains the trachea, esophagus, and major vessels

50
Q

pericardial cavity

A

surrounds heart

51
Q

right pleural cavity

A

surrounds right lung

52
Q

abdominopelvic cavity

A

contains the peritoneal cavity

53
Q

abdominal cavity

A

contains many digestive glands and organs

54
Q

pelvic cavity

A

contains urinary bladder, reproductive organs, last portion of digestive tract

55
Q

serous membranes

A

provide lubrication to organs (2 parts: visceral and parietal)

56
Q

visceral pleura

A

contact with lungs

57
Q

parietal pleura

A

lines cavity

58
Q

visceral layer of serous pericardium

A

contact with heart

59
Q

parietal layer of serous pericardium

A

lines cavity

60
Q

visceral peritoneum

A

contact with abdominal organs

61
Q

parietal peritoneum

A

lines cavity

62
Q

mesenteries

A

double sheets of peritoneum

Anatomy Exam 1 (3 decks)

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