Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ATLS > Chapter 1-Initial assessment and management > Flashcards

Chapter 1-Initial assessment and management Flashcards

1
Q

The “Initial Assessment” includes the following 10 elements:

A
  1. Preparation
  2. Triage
  3. Primary Survey (ABCDEs)
  4. Resuscitation
  5. Adjuncts to primary survey and resuscitation
  6. Does the patient need transferring?
  7. Secondary survey (head-to-toe evaluation & history)
  8. Adjuncts to secondary survey
  9. Continued post-resuscitation monitoring and reevaluation
  10. Definitive care
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 2 different phases of trauma preparation?

A

Prehospital and hospital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 4 emphases of the Pre-hospital phase?

A

1/ Airway maintenance 2/ Control of external bleeding and shock 3/ Immobilization of the patient. 4/ Immediate transport to the closest appropriate facility.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What information should be taken from the ambulance crew?

A

1/ Time of injury 2/ Events related to the injury (mechanism of injury etc.) 3/ Patient history

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What course addresses prehospital care of injured patients that is similar to the ATLS course?

A

Prehospital Trauma Life Support (PHTLS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What 3 things should be made made immediately accessible in the prehospital phase?

A

1/ Airway equipment 2/ Warmed IV Crystalloids 3/ Monitoring devices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommend is worn as protection and the ACS COT say is the minimum precautionary equipment?

A

1/Mask 2/ Eye protection 3/ Water Impervious Gown. 4/ Gloves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the definition of triage?

A

“Sorting of patients based on their needs for treatment and the resources available to provide that treatment.”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the definition of Multiple Casualties?

A

“The number of patients and the severity of their injuries do not exceed the capability of the facility to render care.”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the definition of “Mass Casualties?”

A

“The number of patients and the severity of their injuries exceed the capability of the facility and staff”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How do you act if their are multiple casualties?

A

First treat those with with life threatening problems and multiple-system injuries.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How do you act if there are mass casualties?

A

First treat the patients with the greatest chance of survival and who require the least expenditure of time, equipment, supplies and personnel.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does A stand for?

A

Airway maintenance and cervical spine protection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does B stand for?

A

Breathing and ventilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does C stand for?

A

Circultation and haemorrhage control

17
Q

What does D stand for?

A

Disability: Neurological status

18
Q

What does E stand for?

A

Exposure/Environmental control:

1/ Completely undress the patient but prevent hypothermia.

2/ Warm with IV saline

3/ Warm environment.

19
Q

Describe the quick 10 second way to assess a patient?

A

1/ Identify yourself,

2/ Ask the patient for his or her name

3/ Ask what happened.

(An appropriate response suggests no airway compromise, breathing is not severely compromised and is alert.)

20
Q

Describe the 5 specialist populations and why?

A

1/ Children - anatomic and physiological differences (e.g. quantity of blood, fluids, medications, rapidity of heat loss and injury pattern difference)

2/ Pregnant females - anatomic and physiological difference. Ascertain pregnancy soon in females.

3/ Older adults - poor physiological reserve and multiple co-morbidities.

4/ Obese - difficult intubation, diagnostic difficulties and poor pulmonary reserve.

5/ Athletes - normally low BP and HR.

21
Q

What is included in airway management?

A

1/ Clearing foreign bodies & suctioning

2/ Inspection of facial, mandibular or tracheal fractures that can cause airway obstruction.

3/ Administering oxygen

4/ Securying the airway.

22
Q

When can you most likely need definitve airway management?

A

GCS < 8 or nonpurposeful motor response.

23
Q

If there is history of a traumatic event or altered level of conciousness what should be assumed & done?

A

Assume there is loss of stability of the cervical spine.

Protect the patient’s spinal cord with immobilization devices.

24
Q

If you take off the collar what must be done?

A

Inline mobilization techniques should be used in order to manually stabilise the C-spine.

25
Q

When assessing breathing in the primary survey what do you look for?

A

1/ Assess JVP

2/ Position of the trachea

3/ Chest wall excursion

4/ Auscultation

5/ Percussion.

26
Q

What breathing injuries should be assessed during the primary survey?

A

1/ Tension pneumothorax

2/ Flail chest with pulmonary contusion

3/ Massive haemothorax

4/ Open pneumothorax

27
Q

What is the main goal of inital ventilatory management?

A

To prevent secondary brain injury by maintaining adequate oxygenation and perfusion.

28
Q

What are the 3 main circulatory issues to consider in C on your primary survey?

A

Is there:

  1. Blood volume
  2. Poor cardiac output
  3. Bleeding - Internal or external?
29
Q

What are the 3 clinical elements that assist with assessing blood volume & cardiac output?

A

1/ Level of conciousness - cerebral perfusion can indicate low circulating volume.

2/ Skin colour

3/ Pulse - assess bilaterally. A rapid thready pulse indicates hypovolaemia. If absent central pulses then immediately resuscitate with fluid.

30
Q

If someone is bleeding what do you do in the primary survey?

A

1/ Identify the bleed - physical, radiology or FAST

2/ Apply direct manual pressure

3/ Tourniquets for massive bleeding in limbs.

4/ Management - either chest decompression, pelvic binders, splint application, clamps or surgical intervention.

31
Q

What are the 5 most common sites of internal haemorrhage?

A

1/ Chest

2/ Abdomen

3/ Retroperitoneum

4/ Pelvis

5/ Long Bones.

32
Q

Describe the rapid neurological examination in the primary survey?

A

1/ Quick GCS

2/ Pupillary size and reaction

3/ Lateralizing signs

4/ Spinal cord injury level.

33
Q

What can cause a reduce level of conciousness?

A

1/ Decreased cerebral oxygenation.

2/ Direct cerebral injury.

3/ Hypoglycaemia

4/ Drugs - alcohol, narcotics and other drugs.

34
Q

What does the acronym AMPLE stand for and when should it be used?

A
  • A- Allergies
  • M- Medications currently used
  • P- Past illnesses/Pregnancy
  • L- Last meal
  • E- Events/Environment related to the injury.

It should be used just prior to the secondary examination & can be obtained from patient, family or paramedics.

ATLS (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions