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ALU 301 > Chapter 1 - Immune System > Flashcards

Chapter 1 - Immune System Flashcards

1
Q

What is tolerance

A

Tolerance means the immune system knows how to recognize itself and not react to it as a foreign invader

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2
Q

Which of the 2 parts of the immune system are present at birth

A

Innate immune system

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3
Q

Does the innate immune system change over time

A

No the innate immune system does not change over the lifetime of an individual

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4
Q

Which if the 2 parts of the immune system requiresl exposure to an infectious agent to develop a response

A

The adaptive immune system

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5
Q

What are the 3 components of innate immunity present at birth

A

Physical barriers, WBC, natural killer (NK) cells

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6
Q

What are the physical barriers

A

Skin, internal mucosal linings (GI tract, GU tract, Upper resp. Tract)

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7
Q

What do WBC do

A

Bind to bacteria, envelop them, and digest them with the release of intracellular toxins

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8
Q

What are the WBC of the innate immune system seen in CBC differential

A

Monocytes
Granulocytes (3 types)
Natural killer cells

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9
Q

What are the 3 types of granulocytes

A

Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils

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10
Q

Describe function of monocytes

A

Monocytes circulate in blood, when they leave blood circulation, they migrate into tissues and mature into macrophages which guard the borders of potential entry and are found in abundance in many organs

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11
Q

Which type of WBC is the most abundant

A

Granulocytes

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12
Q

Where do granulocytes concentrate

A

At the site of infection

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13
Q

Name 3 types of granulocytes

A

Neutrophils (most numerous)
Eosinophils
Basophils

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14
Q

What is phagocytosis

A

Process of evvelop8ng and digesting microbes

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15
Q

What do neutrophils do

A

Clear bacteria and fungi by phagocytosis. Associated with intense inflammation and pus

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16
Q

What do eosinophils do

A

Fight parasitic infections, regulate release of histamines

17
Q

What do basophils do

A

Release cytotoxic granules directed toward parasites. Contain histamine. Can cause edema and itching

18
Q

What do natural killer cells do

A

Can act on its own, recognizes damaged cells. Important for surveillance of cancerous and precancerous cells. Viral infections.

19
Q

What is the complement system

A

Proteins made mostly in liver and complement actions of immune cells.

20
Q

What are cytokines

A

Cell to cell chemical mediators made by immune cells to influence actions of other cells. Function to enhance activation of immune cells

21
Q

Name 3 types of cytokines

A

Interleukins
Interferon
Tumor necrosis factor

22
Q

Name one anti TNF drug

A

Enbrel

23
Q

Name a condition interleukins can help treat

A

Asthma

24
Q

Name a condition interferon can help treat

A

Viral infections, hepatitis

25
Q

What are the cells of the adaptive immune system

A

Lymphocytes

26
Q

Where do lymphocytes originate

A

One marrow from a common stem cell

27
Q

Describe B-lymphocytes

A

They mature in the bone marrow and mature into plasma cells. Produce antibodies that circulate on the blood and extra-cellular fluids.

28
Q

What does each b-lymphocyte make

A

A single immunoglobulin protein called an antibody

29
Q

Cells that recognize altered surface molecules on mutated host cells as foreign and move to destroy the cell that carries them are

A

Natural killer cells

30
Q

True or false
Low serum globular cam indicate a primary immune deficiency

A

True

31
Q

True or false
Polyclonal gammopathy is frequently associated with chronic infections

A

True

32
Q

The severity of am HIV infection can be determined by:
a) T helper cells
b) HIV viral load
c) basophil level

A

Helper T cells

33
Q

The type of immune cells that differentiates in the bone marrow is

A

B-lymphocytes

34
Q

Which of the following is true of t lymphocytes:
A) one type is cytotoxic t cells
B) they eliminate infected cells
C) they provide immunity by production of antibodies

A

A and b only are correct

ALU 301 (1 decks)

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