Chapter 1-Ideology Flashcards
broken down PEE points for ideology under the rulers in this period
What was the ideology of Alexander II like in action?
He stuck closely to autocratic principles, especially after the first assassination attempt in 1866. Although a willing reformer, it was almost just a guise of liberalism.
What is an example of Alexander II’s autocratic tendencies?
He showed that he still wanted to maintain order and hierarchy after the Emancipation edict. He compensated serf-owners. They were also allowed to choose what land to give up. This showed he valued natural order.
How was Alexander II more liberal?
He was the Tsar Liberator, of course, he emancipated the serfs and created the Zemstva showing he had some concessions to his power.
What was ideology under Alexander II like?
A more intense period of authoritarian rule. Called the reaction- a response against the more reforming period of his father’s rule.
What is an example of the authoritarianism of Alexander III?
believed that Slav peoples lacked the intelligence to participate in a democratic political system. He reduced the authoruity of the Zemstva.
How was ideology under Nicholas II?
Continued severe form of democracy from his father.
How was Nicholas potentially more liberal?
The October Manifesto of 1905 and the setting up of the DUMA appeared to be a move towards democracy.
How was Nicholas actually more autocratic?
o Example- The fundamental laws of 1906 showed that he did in fact not reform he cushioned it.
Overall how did the communists fare with ideology?
Communists had more change within themselves than the Tsars did.
What was ideology under Lenin like?
DICTATORSHIP Amended the original works of Marx and Engels, instead of an instant dictatorship of the proletariat, intellectuals such as Lenin would help the workers govern and then a dictatorship of the proletariat would occur when the workers were good and ready. So centralised power.
How did Lenin show leniency in dictatorship?
he showed some leniency with the NEP and sought to appease some of the moderates in the Bolshevik party.
What was ideology under Stalin like?
TOTALITARIANISM, much more heavy handed. Completely centralised power.
Did stalin make any concessions to his power?
no
What was ideology under Krushchev like?
decentralised power. Released political prisoners.
Was there more change or continuity in ideology in this period?
Overall, there was no democracy or liberalism in this period except from some rare anomalies. Communists could be considered Red Tsars although I would argue that they are probably more intense.
