Chapter 1 Hydrology and fluvial geomorphology

Question 1

Drainage basin?

Answer 1

Area of land drained by water

Question 2

Hydrological cycle?

Answer 2

Refers to the movement of water between atmosphere, lithosphere and biosphere

Question 3

Precipitation 💦

Answer 3

the CONVERSION and TRANSFER of moisture in the atmosphere to the LAND.

includes rainfall, snow, frost, hail and dew.

Question 4

Output; evaporation?💨

Answer 4

Conversion of water into gas 💦💨

Question 5

Output; transpiration🌳

Answer 5

Water vapor escapes from living plants

Question 6

Evapotranspiration 🙈💨🌳

Answer 6

The combined effects of evaporation and transportation

Question 7

Mention the different stores of the drainage systems🌳🌳💦

Answer 7

🌔 interception

🌔soil water

🌔surface water

🌔ground water

🌔channel storage

Question 8

Interception loss?

Answer 8

Retained water by plants that is later evaporated 💦

Question 9

Throughfall? 🌳💦

Answer 9

Water that drops from leaves/twigs/branches

Question 10

Stemflow?

Answer 10

Water that Flows down/trickles down the twigs and branches of a plant

Question 11

⬆️precipitation ➕⬇️infiltration =

Answer 11

Overland flow🌊🏞

Question 12

Porosity 🗿

Answer 12

Capacity of a rock to hold water 💦

Question 13

Permeability 🗿💧

Answer 13

Ability to transmit water through a rock

Question 14

Infiltration 👀

Answer 14

Soaking of water into the soil 💦

Question 15

Percolation ⬇️💧

Answer 15

The downward movement of water from the soil into bedrock

Question 16

ThroughFLOW⏩💦

Answer 16

Flow of water through the soil

Question 17

Aquifers 🗿💦

Answer 17

Permeable rocks

Question 18

Methods of Groundwater recharge:

Answer 18

🌊infiltration

🌊seepage

🌊groundwater leakage and inflow

🌊artificial recharge

Question 19

Methods of losing ground water

Answer 19

🌫 evapotranspiration

🌫 natural discharge

🌫 artificial Abstraction

Question 20

BaseFlow 🏖

Answer 20

ground water that seeps into The river bed

Question 21

Water table 💦🪑

Answer 21

The upper layer above the phreatic zone

Question 22

What is used to show the relationship of River discharge in a drainage basin ?

Answer 22

🌊 Hydrograph

Question 23

State the characteristics of a hydrograph🦋

Answer 23

🦋Rising limb
🦋recessional limb
🦋peak flow/discharge
🦋time lag

Question 24

River regime 🥑?

Answer 24

Annual variation in the

River discharge

Question 25

State 2 main factors that influence a storm hydrograph

Answer 25

💡Climate | 💡 Drainage basin characteristics

Question 26

Bed+bank by load?

Answer 26

Abrasion 🪨🪨

Question 27

Load by load?

Answer 27

🌫attrition

Question 28

Force of air + water?

Answer 28

Hydraulic action

Question 29

Solution 🪢

Answer 29

Taking away of chemical ions

Question 30

Cavitation 🦷💨

Answer 30

Force of exploding air 💥

Question 31

State factors that speed up 🪨💥(erosion)

Answer 31

``` 💥 hard sharp/soft rocks 💥 acidic conditions 💥 human interference 💥 Gradient 💥 velocity ```

Question 32

How is load transported?🌊🪨

Answer 32

🪨Saltation 🪨Traction 🪨Suspension 🪨 Solution

Question 33

Hjülstrom curve🚙

Answer 33

Shows the relationship between erosion, transportation and deposition

Question 34

What factors could affect erosion?

Answer 34

``` Hard sharp rocks soft erodible rocks velocity gradient human interference ```

Question 35

State the patterns of flow

Answer 35

Laminar Turbulent Helicoidal

Question 36

Laminar flow?

Answer 36

flow in sheets | parallel to the bed

Question 37

Turbulent flow?

Answer 37

high velocity | complex channel morphology

Question 38

Helicoidal flow??

Answer 38

horizontal turbulence | 'corkscrewing motion'

Question 39

There are 3 main Channel types, which are?

Answer 39

Straight channels Meanders Braided

Question 40

Abstraction?

Answer 40

The act of drawing up water

Question 41

Recurrence Interval

Answer 41

How often a flood is likely to occur

Question 42

Mention the factors that affect infiltration

Answer 42

``` Antecedent soil moisture Permeability porosity type of soil precipitation size ```