Chapter 1 - HYDROCARBONS Flashcards
What is a molecule?
A molecule is two or more atoms COVALENTLY bonded together.
What is a hydrocarbon?
A hydrocarbon is a molecule that contains only carbon and hydrogen.
How do you work out the amount of carbon and hydrogens?
To work out, C moves up in ones and H moves up in twos.
What is crude oil?
Crude oil is a mixture of different length chain hydrocarbons.
What are the properties of a smaller length chain?
Easiest to light. Low boiling point. Light in colour. Runny.
What are the properties of a big length chain?
Smokiest flame. High boiling point. Dark in colour. Hard to light. Thick.
What is a volatile substance?
A volatile substance evaporates easily and has a shorter chain.
What is fractional distillation?
Fractional distillation is the seperation of crude oil, through the different hydrocarbon boiling points.
What is cracking?
Cracking is when you have a hydrocarbon and you want to make it a shorter chain because they are more useful to humans.
How is cracking done?
Cracking is done by heating and vapourising a long hydrocarbon chain and passing it over a aluminium oxide AI2O3 catalyst.
What is an alkane?
An alkane is a saturated hydrocarbon, been fractionally distillated.
What is an alkene?
An alkene is a alkane that has been cracked and now has a double bond.
How do you test for an alkene or alkane?
If you put it into bromine water then an Alkene will turn it colourless because it is more reactive, where as an alkane will not change the colour.
