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Anatomy and Physiology > Chapter 1: Human Body Orientation > Flashcards

Chapter 1: Human Body Orientation Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy

A

study of body structure

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2
Q

Gross Anatomy

A

large, visible parts

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3
Q

-Regional

A

all structures in one part of the body

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4
Q

-Systemic

A

gross anatomy of the body studied by system

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5
Q

-Surface

A

study of internal structures as they relate to the overlying skin

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6
Q

Cytology

A

study of the cell

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7
Q

Histology

A

study of tissues

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8
Q

Microscopic Anatomy

A

The study of the structure of cells, tissues, and organs of the body as seen with a microscope.

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9
Q

Developmental Anatomy

A

Traces structural changes throughout life

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10
Q

-Embryology

A

study of developmental changes of the body before birth

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11
Q

Pathological anatomy

A

study of structural changes caused by disease

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12
Q

Radiographic anatomy

A

study of internal structures visualized by specialized scanning procedures
Ex.X-ray, MRI, CT scans

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13
Q

Physiology

A

1 ) study of function of body

2 ) some physics as well, electricity, force generation

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14
Q

Molecular biology

A

study of anatomical structures at a subcellular level

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15
Q

-Renal

A

kidney fuction

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16
Q

-Neurophysiology

A

workings of the nervous system

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17
Q

-Cardiovascular

A

operation of the heart and blood vessels

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18
Q

-Chemical

A

atoms combined to form molecules

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19
Q

-Cellular

A

cells are made of molecules

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20
Q

-Tissue

A

consists of similar types of cells

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21
Q

-Organ

A

made up of different types of tissues

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22
Q

-Organ system

A

consists of different organs that work closely together

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23
Q

-Organismal

A

made up of the organ system

24
Q

The integumentary system

A

protects the body from the external environment (skin)

25
Q

Digestive and respiratory systems

A

in contact with the external environment, take in nutrients and oxygen (food and air)

26
Q

Cardovascular system

A

transports blood carrying oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, wastes (blood)

27
Q

Skeletal system

A

bones that give body framework (bones)

28
Q

Muscular system

A

permits body parts to move

29
Q

Lympathic system

A

returns liquid to blood, provides immunity

30
Q

Nervous system

A

brain and control

31
Q

Endocrine system

A

hormonal control

32
Q

Urinary system

A

removes waste

33
Q

Reproductive system

A

Male or Female, produce new humans

34
Q

Maintaining boundaries

A

the internal environment remains distinct from the external environment

35
Q

(Maintaining boundaries) -Cellular level

A

accomplished by plasma membranes

36
Q

(Maintaining boundaries) -Organismal level

A

accomplished by the skin

37
Q

Movement

A

locomotion, propulsion (peristalsis), and contractility

38
Q

Responsiveness

A

ability to sense changes in the environment and respond to them

39
Q

Digestion

A

breakdown of ingested food

40
Q

Metabolism

A

all the chemical reactions that occur in the body

41
Q

Excretion

A

removal of wastes from the body

42
Q

(Reproduction) -Cellular

A

an orginal cell divides and produces two identical daughter cell

43
Q

(Reproduction) -Organismal

A

sperm and egg divides and produces two identical daughter cells

44
Q

Growth

A

increase in size of a body part or of the organism

45
Q

(Survival Needs) -Nutrients

A

needed for energy and cell building

46
Q

(Survival Needs) -Oxygen

A

necessary for metabolic reactions

47
Q

(Survival Needs) -Water

A

provides the necessary environment for chemical reactions

48
Q

(Survival Needs) -Normal body temperature

A

necessary for chemical reactions to occur at life- sustaining rates

49
Q

(Survival Needs) -Atmosperic pressure

A

required for proper breathing and gas exchange in the lungs

50
Q

Homeostasis

A

ability to maintain a relatively stable internal environment in an ever changing outside world

51
Q

-Receptor

A

monitors the environments and responds to changes

52
Q

-Control center

A

determines the set point at which the variable is maintained

53
Q

-Effector

A

provides the means to respond to stimuli

54
Q

Negative feedback

A

furnace controls house temperature

55
Q

Positive feedback

A

output enhances original stimulus(blood clotting)

56
Q

Homeostatic Imbalance

A

1 ) Disturbance of homeostasis or the body’s normal equilibrium
2 ) Overwhelming the usual negative feedback mechanisms allows destructive positive feedback mechanisms to talk over

Anatomy and Physiology (1 decks)

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