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Milady Chapters > Chapter 1 | History & Career Opportunities > Flashcards

Chapter 1 | History & Career Opportunities Flashcards

1
Q

Encompass a broad range is speciality areas, including hairstyles, nail technology, and esthetics is?

A

Appearance enchantment

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2
Q

The art and science of beautifying and improving the skin, nails, and hair and includes the study of cosmetics and their application.

A

Cosmetology

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3
Q

Hair cutting and hairstyles were practiced in some forms as easy as the

A

Ice Age

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4
Q

What was used to tie the hair back or as adornment?

A

Animal sense or strips of hide

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5
Q

Made from berries, tree bark, minerals, insects, nuts, herbs, leaves, and other materials.

A

Pigments

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6
Q

What tribe used hairstyles as a symbol of tribal traditions and conveyed a message of age, marital status, power, and rank?

A

African

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7
Q

What was used to color Africans tribes hair?

A

Red earth

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8
Q

Elaborate hair styles and head dressing were a symbol of ?

A

Stature

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9
Q

In the earliest image of African people their hair was a preeminent reflection of what?

A

The state of their well being and existence in the world.

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10
Q

Who was the first to cultivate beauty in an extravagant fashion?

A

Egyptians

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11
Q

Cosmetics in Egypt were used as a part of?

A

Religious ceremonies, and preparation of the deceased for burial, and personal use

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12
Q

In 2630 BC who used minerals, insects and berries to create makeup for their eyes, lips, and skin?

A

Egyptians

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13
Q

What was used to stain Egyptians hair and nails a rich, warm red?

A

Henna

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14
Q

Who was the first civilization to
infuse essential oils from the leaves, bark, and blossoms of plants for use as
perfumes and for purification purposes?

A

Egyptians

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15
Q

Who stained her nails red by dipping her fingertips in henna and used custom-blended essential oils as a signature scent in 1400 BC?

A

Queen Nefertiti

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16
Q

In 50 BC who had a personal cosmetics factory next to the Dead Sea?

A

Queen Cleopatra

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17
Q

Who was credited with creating kohl makeup to heavily line the eyes, alleviate eye inflammation, and protect the eyes from the glare of the sun?

A

Egyptians

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18
Q

How was kohl makeup made

A

A mixture of ground galena( a black mineral), sulfur, and animal fat.

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19
Q

NYS Department of State Division of Licensing Services is what?

A

Cosmetology means providing services to the hair, head, face, neck, or scalp.

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20
Q

Who advanced grooming and skin care?

A

Greeks

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21
Q

During the Shang Dynasty 1600 BC Chinese aristocrats rubbed a tinted mixture of gum Arabic, gelatin, beeswax, and egg whites onto their nails to color them?

A

Ebony or Crimson

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22
Q

During the Zhou Dynasty or (Chou) 1100 BC what were they royal colors?

A

Gold and silver

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23
Q

What era was nail tinting tied closely to social status

A

Chinese

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24
Q

Who made use of lavish perfumes and cosmetics in their religious rights, grooming, and medicinal purposes?

A

Ancient Greeks

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25
Q

During what age did hairstyle become highly developed art?

A

Golden age of Greece 500BC

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26
Q

What was applied to Greek women faces as preparation?

A

White lead, kohl around eyes and vermillion on cheeks and lips.

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27
Q

What is vermillion made by?

A

Ground cinnabar

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28
Q

What women used lavishly used fragrances and cosmetics

A

Roman

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29
Q

What we’re facials made of

A

Milk and bread or fine wine

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30
Q

What age did women used hair color to indicate their class in society

A

Roman

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31
Q

What color did middle class women dye their hair

A

Blond

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32
Q

What age did women wear colored make up in their cheeks and lips, but not their eyes

A

Middle Ages

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33
Q

AD 1000 a Persian physician and alchemist named Avicenna refined what

A

The steam distillation

34
Q

What period in history did western civilization made the transition from medieval to modern history

A

The renaissance

35
Q

What was an unusual practice in what era made women have a greater intelligence?

A

A brow less forehead in renaissance

36
Q

In what era were highly colored preparations of the lips, cheeks, and eyes discouraged

A

Renaissance

37
Q

In what era did Queen Victoria of England reign from 1837-1901

A

Victorian Age

38
Q

Fashion and personal grooming were drastically influenced by the social mores of what period in the Victorian age history?

A

Austere and restrictive

39
Q

In the Victorian age beauty mask and pack were made from?

A

Honey, eggs, milk, oatmeal, fruits, vegetables, and other natural ingredients

40
Q

What did women do to induce a natural color rather than using cosmetics?

A

Pinch cheeks and bite lips

41
Q

In what time period was motion picture coincided with a shift in American attitudes?

A

Twentieth Century

42
Q

In what era was industrialization spread?

A

Twentieth century

43
Q

Beauty applications began to follow the trends set by who?

A

Celebrities and society figures

44
Q

In 1908 what Poland Americanized his name and started selling makeup

A

Max Faktor

45
Q

What was Max Factor makeup known for?

A

Non crack or cake makeup for movie stars

46
Q

On October 8, 1906 who inventors a heavily wired machine with metal rods

A

Charles Nessler

47
Q

During what age, did makeup and
showy clothing discouraged
except in the theater.

A

Victorian

48
Q

Who applied various

preparations to the skin.

A

Romans

49
Q

Who showed towering
headdresses, intricate hairstyles, and
the use of cosmetics on skin and hair.

A

Middle ages

50
Q

After World War I, when women

cut their hair into the short bobbed style, this was called?

A

Croquignole

51
Q

Who was the daughter of former slaves and was orphaned at age 7

A

Sarah Breedlove

52
Q

Sarah Breedlove was also known as

A

Madame C.J. Walker

53
Q

In what year did madame C.J. Walker move her company to Indianapolis where she built a factory, hair salon, and training
school.

A

1910

54
Q

In 1872 who invented the first curling iron

A

Marcel Grateau

55
Q

What year did the era of cosmetology change?

A

1920

56
Q

What changed the era of cosmetology

A

Unionizing and practice of barbering ushered

57
Q

What year was the preheat perm method introduced

A

1931

58
Q

Who introduced the alternative perm method in 1932

A

Ralph L. Evans and Everett G.cDonough

59
Q

What year was the first nail polish marketed

A

1932

60
Q

Who marketed the first nail polish

A

Charles Revson of Revlon

61
Q

Who glamorized the new nail fashion by appearing in films

A

Jean Harlow and Gloria Swanson

62
Q

Who introduced the first permanent hair color

A

Lawrence Gelb, New York Chemist

63
Q

Who founded Clairol

A

Lawrence Gelb

64
Q

When was pancake makeup created?

A

1935

65
Q

Who created pancake makeup?

A

Max Factor

66
Q

Who invited the cold wave?

A

Arnold F. Willatt

67
Q

What is the precursor to the modern perm?

A

Cold wave

68
Q

What year was the cold wave developed

A

1941

69
Q

What is the modern term for cold waving?

A

Alkaline perms

70
Q

Who revolutionized geometric cuts

A

Vidal Sassoon

71
Q

Who brought on the new era of highlighting?

A

French hairdressers

72
Q

French hairdressing introduced what to highlighting?

A

Weaving and aluminum foil

73
Q

What iconic hair dresser opened his first salon in Covent Garden, England

A

Trevor Sorbie

74
Q

Who invented the world’s first ammonia- free hair color?

A

Farouk Shami

75
Q

In what era did the beauty industry enter the age of specialization

A

Twenty first century

76
Q

Who coined the term day spa

A

Noel DeCaprio

77
Q

What holds the key to individual development and personal motivation, and gives you knowledge and confidence?

A

Continuing Education

78
Q

The slalom industry depends heavily on its relationships with who in order to stay abreast of what is occurring in the marketplace

A

Distributors sales consultant

79
Q

What does the salon business withstand better than other industries

A

Recession

80
Q

What will determine how successful you become after obtaining your licenses?

A

Personal dedication and passion

Milady Chapters (1 decks)

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