Chapter 1:History And Approaches

Question 0

What is introspection

Answer 0

When the subjects are asked to record accurately their cognitive reactions to simple stimuli

Question 1

Who is wilhelm Wundt

Answer 1

He set up the first psychological laboratory at Leipzig, Germany in 1879

Question 2

What is the theory of structuralism, and who’s theory is it

Answer 2

The idea that the mind operates by combining subjective emotions and objective sensations(wilhelm Wundt)

Question 3

Who published “the principles of psychology “

Answer 3

William James (1842-1910)

Question 4

What was the first psychology txt book published and who published it

Answer 4

William James and “the principles of psychology”

Question 5

Why were introspective theories important

Answer 5

They established the science of psychology but did not influence current psychological thinking

Question 6

What is William James theory called

Answer 6

Functionalism

Question 7

Who published the first psychology txt book and what was It called

Answer 7

William James and “the principles of psychology”

Question 8

Gestalt psychologist like max wertheimer argued against what

Answer 8

Argued against dividing human thought and behavior

Question 9

What did gestalt psychology try to do and why?

Answer 9

It tried to examine a persons total experience because the way we experience the world isn’t just an accumulation of various perceptual experiences

Question 10

What did he gesalts theorist demonstrate

Answer 10

That the whole expo wrench is often more than just the sum of the parts of the experience

Question 11

How did therapist later incorporate gesalt thinking

Answer 11

By examining not just a clients difficulty but the context in which the difficulty occurs

Question 12

What did signing Freud revolutionize psychology with

Answer 12

His psychoanalytic theory

Question 13

Unconscious mind?

Answer 13

A part of a mind over which we do not have conscious control that determines how we think and behave

Question 14

Repression?

Answer 14

Pushing down into the unconscious events and feelings that cause so much anxiety and tension that our conscious mind can’t deal with them

Question 15

What did Freud believe we must do to truly understand human thought and behavior

Answer 15

That we must examine the unconscious mind through dream analysis, word association, and other psychoanalytic therapy techniques

Question 16

John Watson?

Answer 16

Studies the pioneering conditioning experiments of Ivan Pavlov

Question 17

What did Watson declare

Answer 17

He declared that for psychology to be considered a science it must limit itself to observable phenomena, not I observable concepts like the unconscious mind

Question 18

What did behaviorist maintain

Answer 18

That psychologist should look at only behavior and causes of behavior-stimuli(environmental events) and responses(physical reactions)-and not concern themselves with describing elements of consciousness

Question 19

B.F Skinner ?

Answer 19

Expanded the basic ideas of behaviorism to include the idea of reinforcement

Question 20

Reinforcement?

Answer 20

Environmental stimuli that either in courage or discourage certain responses

Question 21

Eclectic?

Answer 21

Drawing from multiple perspectives

Question 22

Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers?

Answer 22

Humanists that stressed the individual’s choice and free will

Question 23

What did humanist believe

Answer 23

That we choose most our behaviors and these choices are guided by physiological,emotional, or spiritual needs

Question 24

What might a humanistic psychologist explain an introverted person

Answer 24

That they may choose to limit social contact with others because he or she finds that social needs are better satisfied that contact with few close friends than a large group

Question 25

Deterministic behaviorist

Answer 25

Theorize that all behaviors are are caused by past conditioning

Question 26

How might a humanistic psychologist explain and introverted person

Answer 26

That they may choose to limit social contact with others because he or she finds that social needs are better satisfied by contact with de close friends rather than large groups

Question 27

Are humanistic theories easily tested by the scientific method

Answer 27

No

Question 28

Repression?

Answer 28

What pushes Impulses or memories into the unconscious mind

Question 29

In what ways can we examine our unconscious

Answer 29

Dream analysis, word association, etc

Question 30

How might a psychoanalytic psychologist explain an introverted person

Answer 30

That they avoid social situations because of repressed memory or trauma in childhood involving a social situation(experienced but not remembered) ex at school or party

Question 31

What do bio psychologist explain

Answer 31

That human thought and behavior strictly in terms of biological processes

Question 32

Human cognition and reactions are caused by effects of

Answer 32

Genes, hormones, neurotransmitters

Question 33

What might a biopsychologist explain an introverted person

Answer 33

That they are caused by genes inherited from their parents and the genes effects on the abundance of neurotransmitters

Question 34

Evolutionary psychologist(sociobiologist)

Answer 34

Examine human thoughts and actions in terms of natural selection

Question 35

Behaviorist?

Answer 35

Explain human thought and behavior in terms of conditioning -look strictly at observable behavior and what reaction to organisms get in response to specific behaviors-looks at environmental conditions

Question 36

How might a behaviorist explain an introverted person

Answer 36

A persons tendency to be extroverted in terms of reward and punishment

Question 37

Cognitive psychologist?

Answer 37

Examine human thought and behavior in terms of how we interpret, process and remember enviromental events

Question 38

How might a cognitive psychologist explain an extroverted person

Answer 38

In Tweens of how he or she interprets social situations

Question 39

Social cultural psychologist?

Answer 39

Look at how our thoughts and behaviors vary from people living in other cultures-emphasize the influence a culture has-persons tendency to be extroverted by examine their cultures rules about social interaction