Chapter 1 (History) Flashcards
French surgeon Paul Broca Studied the connection between?
Mind and Brain
What was the subject of the famous experiment conducted by Herman Von Helmholtz?
Reaction time
What did William James espoused during the study of the purpose mental processes serve in enabling people to adapt to their environment
Functionalism
The functional approach to psychology was inspired by
Darwins on the origin of species by means of natural selection
Jean-Martin Charcott studied:
People with psychological disorders
Sigmund Freud developed:
The psychoanalytic theory
What is the psychological theory that emphasizes positive potential of human beings?
The humanistic psychology
Behaviorism involves a study of what?
Observable actions and responses
What did the experiments of Ivan Pavlov and John Watson center on?
Stimulus and response
Who developed the concept of reinforcement?
B. F. Skinner
What is the study of mental processes such as perception and memory called?
Cognitive psychology
The use of scanning techniques to observe the brain in action and to see which parts are involved in which operations helped the development of what?
Cognitive neuroscience
The mind and brain serve what function central to evolutionary psychology?
Adaptive
Social psychology differs most from other psychological approaches and it’s emphasis on what?
Human interaction
Cultural Psychology emphasizes what?
That culture shapes some but not all psychological phenomenon
Who is Mary Calkins?
First woman president of the APA
Who is Kenneth Clark?
He did research the influence the supreme court decision to ban segregation in public schools
Psychologists use scientific methods to study what two things?
The mind and behavior
Who is the founding father of psychology?
Wilhelm Wundt
William James applied Darwins theory of natural selection to the study of the mind. His functionalist approach focused on how mental processes enable people to adapt to their what?
Environment
What is cognitive psychology?
The study of memory, reasoning and problem-solving
What is social psychology?
The study of how social forces influence behavior.
What is developmental psychology?
The study of behavior over time, and how people develop.
What is psychology?
The scientific study of the mind and behavior.
What is the mind?
Private inner experience of thoughts, memories, and feelings.
What is behavior?
Observable actions of human beings and nonhuman animals.
Where does the origin of psychology come from?
Philosophy and physiology
Philosopher Renè Descartè believed in what?
Dualism
What is dualism?
Dualism is where the mind and body are separate entities that interact to produce emotions, and conscious experiences.
What are the two original movements of psychology?
Structuralism and functionalism.
What is structuralism?
Analyzes the mind by breaking it down to its basic components.(What is happening)
What is functionalism?
Study of the purpose mental mental processes serve and help people adapt to their environment. (Why is is happening)
Who studied psychoanalysis?
Freud
Who studied humanistic behavior?
Maslow and Rogers
Who studied behaviorism?
Watson and Skinner
Who studied cognitive psychology?
Chomsky and Lashley
Who were the first philosophers to struggle with the fundamental questions about how the mind works?
Plato and Aristotle
___________ used the term tabula rasa, meaning blank slate, to describe the mind of a child, whereas __________ believed we are born with innate types of knowledge
Aristotle/Plato
Plato’s views are associated with what?
Nativism
Aristotle‘s views are associated with what?
Philosophical emperism
What is philosophical empiricism?
The view that all knowledge is acquired through experience.
What is nativism?
The philosophical view that certain kinds of knowledge are innate or inborn.
What is nativism?
The philosophical view that certain kinds of knowledge are innate or inborn.
What is philosophical empiricism?
The view that all knowledge is acquired through experience.
Aristotle‘s views are associated with what?
Philosophical emperism
Plato’s views are associated with what?
Nativism
___________ used the term tabula rasa, meaning blank slate, to describe the mind of a child, whereas __________ believed we are born with innate types of knowledge
Aristotle/Plato
Who were the first philosophers to struggle with the fundamental questions about how the mind works?
Plato and Aristotle
