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PE Theory > Chapter 1 - Health Fitness And Exercise & Chapter 5 - Bones And Joints > Flashcards

Chapter 1 - Health Fitness And Exercise & Chapter 5 - Bones And Joints Flashcards

1
Q

What is health?

A

Health is a state of complete physical, metal and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease

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2
Q

What are some of the parts of the body that help us with physical activity?

A

Heart, lungs and other body systems

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3
Q

Sport also helps mentally, how?

A

It helps in diffucult situations, teaches us how to control our emotions and teaches us how to cope with stress

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4
Q

Sport also gives us a chance to feel our emotions, what are some of the ways?

A

Success, skilfulness, importance of being worth something and self-esteem

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5
Q

What is fitness?

A

Fitness is the ability to meet the demands of the environment around us

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6
Q

What are some examples of our environment?

A

Home, school, friends, family, weather, location, air quality

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7
Q

Is it possible to be fit but not healthy?

A

Yes, it is possible because you’ll be able to do the everyday tasks but will be depressed doing them

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8
Q

What are some physical benefits of exercise?

A

Burns up body fat, heart and lungs work more efficiently, strengthens bones, joints are more flexible and ALL give you an increased life expectancy

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9
Q

If your body shape improves

“If you ____________________”

A

If you look good you feel good

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10
Q

Humans live in groups, physical activity also helps us

A

Learn social skills and group behaviour

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11
Q

What are some social benefits of exercise?

A

Helps you feel confident, meet people and make friends, develops teamwork and co-operation

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12
Q

What are some mental benefits of exercise?

A

It is stimulating and enjoyable, relieves tension and stress, gets rid of agression, helps you sleep better

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13
Q

What is performance?

A

Performance is how well a task is completed

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14
Q

What is general or health-related fitness

A

This is the ability of your body to carry out everyday activities without excessive tiredness and which everyone should have

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15
Q

There is 5 points to remember that everyone should have what are they?

A

1) Stamina/endurance/cardiovascular fitness
2) Muscular Endurance
3) Strength
4) Flexibility or suppleness
5) Body composition

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16
Q

What is, stamina/endurance/cardiovascular fitness?

A

This is the ability to exercise the entire body for long periods of time

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17
Q

What is Muscular Endurance?

A

This is the ability of muscles to maintain and repeat contractions without getting tired

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18
Q

What is Strength?

A

This is the amount of force a muscle can exert against a resistance

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19
Q

What is Body Composition?

A

This is the percentage of body weight which is fat, muscle or bone

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20
Q

What is Flexibility or Suppleness?

A

This is the range of movement at a joint

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21
Q

General fitness is also called?

A

Health-Related Fitness

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22
Q

What is specific or skill-related fitness?

A

This is the ability of the body to carry out set tasks effectively and efficiently. It usually requires some sort of learning .

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23
Q

There is 7 skills related to specific fitness which are:

A

1) Agility
2) Balance
3) Co-ordination
4) Explosive power
5) Reactions
6) Timing
7) Speed

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24
Q

The 7 skills of specific fitness are:

A

1) Agility
2) Balance
3) Co-ordination
4) Explosive power
5) Reactions
6) Timing
7) Speed

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25
Q

Agility is?

A

The ability to change position of the body quickly

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26
Q

Balance is?

A

The ability to retain the centre of mass above the base of support

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27
Q

Co-ordination is?

A

This is the ability to move two or more body parts together smoothly and accurately?

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28
Q

Explosive power is?

A

This is the ability to do strength performance quickly

Power= strength x speed

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29
Q

What are reactions?

A

This is the time taken between the presentation of a stimulus and the onset of the movement

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30
Q

Timing is?

A

The ability to correctlty time your movement in response to what is going on around you

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31
Q

Speed is?

A

The different rates at which a person is able to perform a movement

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32
Q

There are 10 factors affecting fitness

A 
Age
Gender
Physique
Diet
Exercise
Physical disability
Illness and fatigue
Drug-taking
Stress
The environment
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33
Q

You are usually fittest in your?

A

20’s, 19-26

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34
Q

In gender we have multiple reasons mention some?

A

Speed, flexibility, pregnancy, strength, bone structure

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35
Q

Physique is?

A

The build and shape of your body

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36
Q

Diet is?

A

The certain substances for energy, growth and repair, you get them from food

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37
Q

No matter how fit unfit you are, regular ________, makes you fitter

A

Exercise

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38
Q

Physical disability is?

A

When a part of your body doesn’t function properly

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39
Q

Illness and fatigue is?

A

When you are tired or ill and are less fit for any activity

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40
Q

The environment is?

A

Anything around you

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41
Q

Question on Drug-Taking
True or False:
Any substance lowers your fitness

A

True

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42
Q

What is somatotyping?

A

Somatotyping is how we describe our build, how fat, how muscular or how linear

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43
Q

We inherit what from our parents?

A

Our body shape but we can train to get stronger

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44
Q

3 different types of extremes in somatotyping which are?

A

Endomorph
Mesomorph
Ectomorph

45
Q

Describe endomorph

A

Wide hips and narrow shoulders, a lot of fat, slim wrists and ankles

46
Q

Describe ectomorph

A

Very little body fat, narrow shoulders and hips, thin face and high forehead, thin narrow chest and abdomen, thing legs and arm, vert little muscle and body fat

47
Q

Describe mesomorph

A

Broad shoulders and narrow hips, large head, muscular body, strong forearms and thighs

48
Q

Some stuff are out of our control of our body, give 2 examples?

A

Height and bone structure

49
Q

Bones don’t stop growing until early _______?

A

Twenties

50
Q

In a long bone name the:
End Part
Long shaft in the middle

A

Ephysis

Diaphysis

51
Q

What is the role of the cartilage and exercise makes it become __________?

A

Protects the ends from rubbing together, thicker

52
Q

What does the impact bone do and it thickens when we?

A

It protects the bone from breakages, train and exercise

53
Q

What is the Marrow cavity?

A

Makes blood cells (red and white)

54
Q

What does the periosteum do?

A

Helps tendons join to the bone

55
Q

Role of the spongy bone?

A

Makes blood cells and absorbs shock

56
Q

How many bones do we have and what holds them together?

A

206 and joints called ligaments

57
Q

Name some bones, the type of bone they are and where they’re found

A 
Cranium, flat, skull
Fibula, long, foot
Tibia, long, foot
Femur, long, leg
Patella, flat, knee cap
Vertebrae, irregular, back
58
Q

Tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges are found in the?

A

Ankle

59
Q

Metacarpals, carpals, phalanges are found in the?

A

Wrist

60
Q

What are the four functions of the skeleton?

A

Shape and support
Protection
Movement
Blood production

61
Q

What are the 4 different types of bones?

A

Long
Short
Flat
Irregular

62
Q

Acts as a lever for movement, allows us to perform delicate movement, what type of bone is this?

A

Long bone

63
Q

Provides movement in lots of direction, what type of bone is this?

A

Short bones

64
Q

Protects delicate organs and gives a big surface area for muscle attachment, what type of bone is this?

A

Flat bones

65
Q

Protects the spinal cord and provides support, what type of bone is this?

A

Irregular bone

66
Q

Bones start life as:
A) Cartilage
B) Periosteum
C) Carbon Fiber

A

A) Cartilage

67
Q

Over the years they turn into bones, this is called?

A

Ossification

68
Q

Ossification is the?

A

Development and growth of a bone

69
Q

At around 9 years old 2 bands of cartilage remain these are called?

A

Growth/Epiphyseal Plates

70
Q

At young ages kids shouldn’t do too much of some exercise, these are?

A

Weight training, hard-contact sports and long distance running

71
Q

In bones protein builds ______ and repairs __________

A

Cells and repairs damage

72
Q

Vitamins help absorb?

A

Calcium

73
Q

Minerals give us strong?

A

Bones

74
Q

__________ & ____________ cannot be stored in the body so we need a regular supply

A

Vitamins & minerals

75
Q

Osteoblasts make _______

Osteoclasts __________

A

Make new bone

Break it down

76
Q

As you age bones get?

A

Lighter

77
Q

Women suffer from __________ where bones get so weak they break easily

A

Osteoporosis

78
Q

What can prevent osteoporosis?

A

Cardiovascular exercise

79
Q

Our body has different systems, they work together to make?

A

The human body

80
Q

The skeletal system is made up of?

A

Bones and joints

81
Q

The muscular system is made up of?

A

Muscles

82
Q

The circulatory system is made up of?

A

Blood, heart and blood vessels

83
Q

Respiratory system is made up of?

A

Lungs and breathing tube

84
Q

The nervous system includes?

A

Brain, spinal cord and nerves

85
Q

What is the cervical vertebrae

A

This is the neck, provides attachment for neck muscles that include ‘atlas and axis’

86
Q

The thoracic vertebrae is composed of?

A

Attached to the ribs and are part of the chest area

87
Q

Is the lumbar vertebrae the largest or smallest individual vertebrae?

A

It is the largest

88
Q

What is the sacrum?

A

It is fused together and is a large triangular bone

89
Q

What is the coccyx?

A

Fused together and is remains of a tail

90
Q

What are the numbers we remember for the amount of bones in each section?

A

7, 12, 5, 5, 4

91
Q

What is the difference between the atlas and axis?

A

The axis rotates side to side

The atlas moves up and down, for example to nod

92
Q

Extension means?

A

Straightening a part of its body to its normal position

93
Q

What does flexion mean?

A

Flexion means to bend it

94
Q

What does adduction mean?

A

Adduction means towards the middle

95
Q

What does abduction mean?

A

Abduction is a sideways movement of a limb

96
Q

Another frase for synovial joints is?

A

Freely movable

97
Q

This is the most moveable joint in the body, examples are hip joint and shoulder joint, what joint is this?

A

Ball and socket joint

98
Q

This joint can swing backwards and forwards, example are elbow and knee joint, what joint is this?

A

The hinge joint

99
Q

Describe and give an example of the pivot joint?

A

Joint allows rotation and examples are: atlas and axis, radius and ulna

100
Q

Describe and give an example of the gliding joint?

A

These glide over each other, little movement in all directions, gives least movement, examples are: carpals and tarsals, joints between vertebrae

101
Q

The condyloid and saddle joint are found where and what movement does it allow?

A

Condyloid found in the wrist, saddle in thumb - saddle and condyloid allow flexion, extension, abduction and addcution

102
Q

What is the role of ligaments?

A

Hold a joint in place and are strong cords

103
Q

What do tendons do?

A

They are cords that connect muscle to bone, found in calf and heel

104
Q

Joints are?

A

Where 2 or more bones meet

105
Q

What are fixed or immovable joints?

A

These are joints which are fixed and cannot be moved, the give great strength an example is in the cranium

106
Q

What are slighlty movable joints?

A

These joints can move a bit, they are held together by ligaments and joined by cartilage. They are found in between your vertebrae and ribs

107
Q

What are freely movable joints, explain in very good detail.

A

A good example is the knee joint, the outer sleeve is called the joint capsule, they have a liquid called synovial membrane, the small gap between is called the joint cavity, covered by cartilage, ligaments hold the bones together and keep them in place

108
Q

What is dislocation?

A

This is when a bone is pulled out of its normal position

PE Theory (12 decks)

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