Chapter-1: Haloalkanes and Haloarenes Flashcards
Basic three methods to prepare alkyl halides from alcohols
1) From HX
2) From PX3
3) From Thionyl Chloride(SOCl2)
2 ways to obtain alkyl iodide
1) heating alcohol with NaI/KI in phosphoric acid
2) FInkelstien’s reaction: R-X + NaI——–> R-I
(dry acetone)
Finkelstein’s reaction
to get R-I from R-X by reacting R-X with NaI in prescence of dry acetone
reaction to sythesize R-F
swarts reaction
R-Br/Cl+metal fluoride——->R-F+ (metal)Br/Cl
CH3-CH2-BR+ Hg2F2—–> ?
this is basically swarts reaction
ans- CH3-CH2-F
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-Cl + CoF2—–> ?
swarts reaction
CH3-Cl+ NaI—–> ?
(dry acetone)
finkelstein’s reaction
Sandmeyer’s reaction:
1) what is it?reagent used?
2) name of product obtained in the end of first step of sandmeyer’s reaction
3) for which specific type of compound is it used for?
4) Write reaction for:
a) to obtain general aryl halide
b) to obtain aryl iodide,and what reagent did you use for it?
1) primary aromatic amine is dissolved or suspended in cold NaNO2 to get benzene diazonium hailde. further use Cu2X2 to get aryl hailde.
2) benzene diazonium halide
3) primary aromatic amines
4) written in nb,do IT
b) we use KI instead of Cu2X2
C2H4+Br2————-> ??
(CCl4)
Br-CH2-CH2-Br
how to obtain vicinal dihalides(chlorides or bromides)
halogen exchange(see card 9)
what is beta elimination?
nucleophile attacks a haloalkane. It attacks the hydrogen of the beta carbon while the halogen atom attached to carbon atom(this carbon atom is called alpha) also goes away
Zaitsev’s rule?
in DEHYDROHALOGENATION.
preferred product will be that one whose double bonded carbon atoms have maximum number of alkyl groups attached to them
Dehydrohalogenation
basically,the beta elimination
Grignard reagent
R-X+ Mg————>R-MgX
(dry ether)
R-MgX +H2O——-> R-H
Wurtz reaction
R-X + Na—–>R-R
(dry ether)
