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Matthew Grade 8 - Business Studies & Economics > Chapter 1 - Government's involvement in the economy > Flashcards

Chapter 1 - Government's involvement in the economy Flashcards

1
Q

What is a Government?

A

A Group of people who create and implement laws to deal with political, legal and economic issues in a country

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2
Q

What is the supreme law of South Africa?

A

The Constitution of South Africa

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3
Q

What is the Constitution?

A

It defines the structure of government
It provides legal framework of all activities in the country by giving citizens certain rights, but stresses certain responsibilities

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4
Q

Who protects the rights of citizens?

A

Government

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5
Q

How does Government come to be in power?

A

Election or Coup (overthoughting)

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6
Q

How does an democratic election work?

A

Voters (18year or older) vote during a general election (every 5 years) for the political party of their choice

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7
Q

On what 3 levels does SA government work?

A

1.National level - Parliament (President & ministers)
2.Provincial level - Premiers of Provinces & MECs (Members of Executive Councils)
3.Local level - Municipalities

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8
Q

What are the 3 branches of National Government?

A
  1. Legislative branch
  2. Executive branch
  3. Judicial Branch
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9
Q

What is the function of the Legislative branch?

A

Where all laws are debated formulated and passed

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10
Q

What is the function of the Executive branch?

A

They implement the laws and in doing so carries out duties delegated to them by The President

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11
Q

Examples of Executive branch?

A

Minister of Education - Oversees all Activities related to education
Minister of Finance - Drafts National budget, ensure all departments stay withing allocated budget
Minister of Transport - Ensure public transport system in SA are sufficient to meet need needs of public and business sectors

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12
Q

What is the function of the Judicial branch?

A

Includes the courts where decisions are make according to the prescription of the law

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13
Q

What is the hierarchy of the 4 court of South Africa?

A
  1. Constitutional court
  2. Supreme court of Appeal
  3. High court
  4. Magistrate court
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14
Q

Explain Provincial Government?

A
  • 9 Provincial governments, 1 for each province of SA
  • 1 Premier per province
  • Provincial Legislator is responsible for budget approval
  • Provincial Government has to develop a Provincial Growth and Development Strategy (PGDS)
  • Premier responsible for appointing a MECs (Members of the Executive Council) they head departments in provincial government
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15
Q

Name the 13 Provincial Departments?

A
  1. Agriculture & Rural Development
    2.Community Safety
  2. Cooperative Governance & Traditional Affairs
  3. Economic Development
  4. Education
  5. Finance
  6. Health
  7. Human Settlement
  8. Infrastructure
  9. Provincial Treasury
  10. Roads & Transport
  11. Social Development
  12. Sport, Art, Culture and Recreation
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16
Q

Explain Local Government?

A
  • Each province is sub-divided into local governments or municipalities with a municipal council in charge of each
  • The mayor will be in charge of council
  • Municipal council will have both legislative authorities (power to make by-laws) and executive authorities (power to implement those laws)
  • Council will oversee functioning of municipalities, monitor the execution of the budget
17
Q

List the functions of Municipalities (Local Government)?

A
  1. Electricity Delivery
  2. Refuse Removal
  3. Municipal Roads
  4. Parks & Recreation
  5. Water Delivery
  6. Firefighting Services
  7. Decisions about land use
  8. Sewage & sanitation
  9. Municipal Health services
  10. Street Trading
  11. Local Tourism
  12. Storm Water Systems
  13. Libraries
  14. Municipal public transport
  15. Abattoirs & fresh produce markets
18
Q

What are the basic functions of Government?

A
  1. Maintain internal and external security
  2. Social welfare
  3. Laws regarding commercial activities
  4. Administration of Public services
  5. Protect national resources
  6. Control the money in circulation & the banking industry in the country
19
Q

Government has to maintain internal & external security:

A
  • Deference force (army/navy) will protect the country from external threats
  • Police will protect against internal threats (burglaries, hijacking, violence, white-collar crimes like fraud)
  • Judicial system (courts) will prosecute offenders and lock them up
20
Q

Social welfare:

A
  • Examples: education & health services
  • Some provided by private sector (Private schools, doctors, hospital) expensive to afford
  • Government uses tax money to provide these services
  • Social benefits like unemployment benefits and pensions
21
Q

Laws regarding commercial activities:

A
  • SA has a mixed market economy, means combination of free market and Government interference
  • Free-market means anybody may start a business with aim of making profit (not selling illegal)
  • Government has a responsibility to promote free-market to ensure
  • Economy functions well enough for job creation to increase
  • Citizens are not exploited by companies forming a monopoly
  • Employees are treated fairly
    BCEA (Basic Conditions of Employment ACT)
  • Government may change laws
  • Previously needed trading Licenses
    *Closed at 13h00 Saturday
    *No Alcohol on Sundays
22
Q

Administration of Public services:

A

Public services render is called infrastructure
No infrastructure no economy
Private entrepreneur not interested - expensive and no profit
Government may start up and the privatize later
Examples: Sewage, garbage removal, maintenance of public spaces like parks

23
Q

The state has to protect natural resources?

A

If use irresponsible economy will be harmed in the long run
It includes: minerals, forests, fresh water, fishing, wild life

24
Q

How doe government protect natural resources?

A

Granting licenses/quotas to fishing
Illegal to remove plants without permits
Illegal to have certain plants in your garden (alien/invaders)

25
Q

State has to control the money in circulation and the banking industry in the country:

A

Too much money in circulation will cause inflation & devalue the currency
The government uses the South African Reserve Bank (SARB) to control:
* the amount of money in circulation
* the activities of all commercial banks

26
Q

Name some commercial banks in South Africa?

A

ABSA
Nedbank
FNB
Standard Bank
Capitec

27
Q

Government as a producer

A

Produced good and services:
Refuse removal
Maintain Park
Police/Defense force
Court and jails
Public libraries
public swimming pools
Schools
Doctors & hospitals

28
Q

Where does Government get money to render all the services to citizens of the country?

A

1.Income tax (Individuals taxed on income, business taxed on profit)
2. VAT Value Added Tax (on products bought)
3. No VAT on diesel but a Levy
4. Charge for sue of public facilities
Public pool/ Library
School Fees

Matthew Grade 8 - Business Studies & Economics (7 decks)

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