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Introduction to Radiologic Science, Ethics and Law, Radiographic Terminology > Chapter 1: General, Systemic, and Skeletal Anatomy and Arthrology > Flashcards

Chapter 1: General, Systemic, and Skeletal Anatomy and Arthrology Flashcards

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1
Q

the lowest level of the structural organization of the human body is the

A

chemical levels

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2
Q

The four basic types of tissues in the body

A

epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous

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3
Q

10 systems of the human body

A

skeletal, circulatory, nervous, digestive, reproductive, endocrine, integumentary, urinary, respiratory, muscular

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4
Q

Supports and protects many soft tissues of the body

A

the skeletal system

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5
Q

helps regulate body temperature

A

the circulatory system

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6
Q

eliminates solid waste from the body

A

the digestive system

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7
Q

eliminates carbon dioxide from the blood

A

the respiratory system

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8
Q

regulates fluid and electrolyte balance and volume

A

the urinary system

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9
Q

reproduces the organism

A

the reproductive system

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10
Q

regulates body activities with electrical impulses

A

the nervous system

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11
Q

maintains posture

A

the muscular system

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12
Q

regulates bodily activities through various hormones

A

the endocrine system.

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13
Q

receives stimuli, such as temperature, pressure, and pain

A

the integumentary system

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14
Q

the largest organ is the

A

the integumentary (or the skin)

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15
Q

the two divisions of the human skeletal system are

A

osteology, arthrology

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16
Q

how many bones are in the axial skeleton

A

has 80 bones

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17
Q

Where is the axial skeleton located?

A

the central axis of the body

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18
Q

what bones are axial skeleton

A

skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum

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19
Q

how many bones are in the appendicular skeleton

A

has 126 bones

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20
Q

where is the appendicular skeleton located

A

the limbs

21
Q

what bones are appendicular skeleton

A

shoulder and pelvic girdles

22
Q

what are the four classifications of bones

A

long bones, short bones, flat bones, and irregular bones

23
Q

what bones are long bones in the skeleton

A

limbs, compact bone, spongy bone, and periosteum

24
Q

what bones are irregular bones in the skeleton

A

limbs, peculiar shapes (vertebra, facial bones, and pelvic bones)

25
Q

what bones are short and flat bones in the skeleton

A

carpal and tarsal bones, calvarium, sternum, ribs, and scapulae

26
Q

the outer covering of a long bone, which is composed of a dense, fibrous membrane, is called

A

the compact bone

27
Q

which aspect of long bones is responsible for the production of red blood cells?

A

the spongy or cancellous bone

28
Q

which aspect of the long bone is essential for bone growth, repair, and nutrition?

A

the periosteum

29
Q

What the primary and secondary growth for the long bones?

A

Diaphysis and Epiphysis

30
Q

What is diaphysis?

A

The primary center of ossification in growing bones is called the diaphysis.

31
Q

What is Epiphysis?

A

The ossification appears near the end of the limbs of the long bones.

32
Q

What is in the secondary centers of the bone

A

Metaphysis, epiphyseal plate

33
Q

What is metaphysis?

A

The metaphysis is the wider portion of a long bone adjacent to the epiphyseal plate. This where bone growth in length occurs.

34
Q

what is an epiphyseal plate and where are they found?

A

Epiphyseal plates are cartilaginous plates located between the metaphysis and each epiphysis until skeletal growth is complete.

35
Q

Epiphyseal fusion of the long bones is complete by the age of?

A

Puberty to full maturity, i.e., between the ages of 20 to 25 years.

36
Q

What are the three functional classifications of joints?

A

Synarthrosis, Amphiarthrosis, and Diarthrosis

37
Q

What is synarthrosis?

A

It is an immovable joint.

38
Q

What is Amphiarthrosis?

A

The joint with limited movement.

39
Q

What is Diarthrosis?

A

The joint that is freely movable

40
Q

What are the three structural classifications of the joint?

A

Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial

41
Q

What are the subclassifications for Fibrous joint?

A
  • Syndesmosis (Aphiarthrodial - sightly movable) location distal tibiofibular joint,
  • Suture (Synarthrodial - immovable) location skull suture,
  • Gomphosis (Amphiarthrodial - only limited movement) location roots of teeth
42
Q

What are the subclassifications for Cartilaginous joints?

A
  • Symphyses (Amphiarthrodial - sightly movable) is the presence of a broad, flattened disk of fibrocartilage between two contiguous bony surfaces.
    • Location intervertebral disks, the manubrium upper portion of the sternum, symphysis pubis between the two pubic bones of the pelvic.
  • Synchondroses (Synarthrodial - immovable) is a temporary form of joint wherein the connecting hyaline cartilage (epiphyseal plate) converted into the bone at adulthood.
    • Location the epiphyseal plates between the epiphysis and the metaphysis of the long bones, the three-part union of the pelvis, which forms a cup-shaped acetabulum for the hip joint.
43
Q

What are synovial joints and where are they located?

A
  • Synovial joints (Darthrodial - freely movable) are a fibrous capsule that contains synovial fluid.
  • Location the upper and lower limbs,
44
Q

What are the movement types of Synovial Joints?

A
  1. Plane (gliding) Joints
  2. Ginglymus (hinge) Joints
  3. Pivot (trochoid) Joints
  4. Ellipsoid (condylar) Joints
  5. Saddle (sellar) Joints
  6. Ball and Socket (spheroidal) Joints
  7. Bicondylar Joints
45
Q

Body Habitus

A

The build, physique, and general shape of the body are classified as Body Habitus.

46
Q

The body type that makes up 50% of the population is?

A

Sthenic

47
Q

The body type that makes up 35% of the population is?

A

Hyposthenic

48
Q

The body type that makes up 5% of the population is?

A

Hypersthenic

49
Q

The body type that makes up 10% of the population is?

A

Asthenic

Introduction to Radiologic Science, Ethics and Law, Radiographic Terminology (2 decks)

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