Chapter 1 - General Principles Of Pharmacology Flashcards
Mipomersen
A chemically engineered drug being studied to target specific cell components in people with high cholesterol.
What is digitalis ?
An extract from the foxglove plant that acts as a potent heart medication.
Chemical Name
Scientific Name
Gives the exact chemical makeup of the drug and placing of the atoms or molecular structure; the chemical name is not capitalized.
Generic name
Official or nonproprietary name
Name given to a drug before it becomes official; may be used in all counties, by all manufacturers; the generic name is not capitalized.
Trade Name
brand name
Name that is registered by the manufacturer and is followed by the trademark symbol; the name can be used only by the manufacturer; a drug may have several trade names, depending on the number of manufacturers; the first letter of the trade name is capitalized.
Prescription Drugs
Aka legend drugs
Designated by the federal government as potentially harmful unless their use is supervised by a licensed health care provider, such as a nurse practitioner, physician, or dentist.
Adverse Reactions
Some drugs have the potential to be toxic (harmful).
Nonprescription Drugs
Designated by FDA as safe (when taken as directed) and can be obtained without a prescription. Also referred as over-the-counter (OTC) drugs.
These drugs are not without risk and may produce adverse reactions.
Controlled Substances
Most carefully monitored if all drugs. High potential for abuse and may cause physical or psychological dependency.
Physical dependency
Habitual use of a drug. Negative physical withdrawal symptoms result from abrupt discontinuation;
Body’s dependence in repeated administration of a drug.
Psychological dependency
Compulsion or craving to use a substance to obtain a pleasurable experience.
Mind’s desire for the repeated administration of a drug.
Controlled Substances Act of 1970
Established a classification system for drugs with abuse potential. Regulates manufacture, distribution, and dispensing of these drugs.
What’s DEA?
Drug Enforcement Agency.
Monitors prescription practices of the primary health care provider for controlled substances.
Orphan drug program
Orphan drug act of 1983
condition affecting more than 200,000 persons but for which the cost of producing and marketing a drug to treat the condition would not be recovered by sales of drug.
Provides for incentives such as research grants, protocol assistance by the FDA, and special tax credits to encourage manufacturers to develop orphan drugs.
Drug activity within the body?
•Pharmaceutic- solid form (tablet/capsule) Dissolves -> liquid form
•Pharmacokinetic- absorption: first pass effect Distribution: protein binding Metabolism: onset, peak duration Excretion: half-life
•Pharmacodynamic- receptions- agonist & antagonist
