Chapter 1: Fundamentals of Chemistry (review deck)

Question 1

Chemistry

Answer 1

the study of the composition and properties of matter and the changes it undergoes.

It has been divided into a number of different branches that often overlap with each other or with other sciences such as physics, biology or geology.

Question 2

Physical Chemistry

Answer 2

deals with the application of physical laws to chemical systems and chemical change.

§ It studies how matter behaves and its physical arrangement. This includes rates or reactions, or what causes a reaction to occur quickly or slowly.

Question 3

Analytical chemistry

Answer 3

focuses on identifying and quantifying matter. It asks “what is this? How much is there in this substance?

Question 4

Biochemistry

Answer 4

the chemistry of living organisms and life processes.

Question 5

Organic chemistry

Answer 5

study of the carbon compounds that make up the majority of living things.

Scientist of this type have learned how to convert raw materials from coal, petroleum, and grain into synthetic textiles, pesticides, dyes, drugs, plastics, and many other products.

Question 6

Inorganic chemistry

Answer 6

branch of chemistry which deals with the study of inorganic compounds.

Inorganic compounds are compounds which do not contain carbon-hydrogen bond.

Question 7

Energy

Answer 7

fundamental component of the universe commonly described as the capacity to do work.

The different forms of energy include heat, light, electric, mechanical, sound, chemical and atomic.

Question 8

While there are different forms of energy, all

the different forms can be put into two categories:

Answer 8

kinetic energy (energy of motion)
and potential energy (stored energy).

Question 9

Matter

Answer 9

anything that occupies space and has mass.

Question 10

Matter exists in one of the five

phases or states:

Answer 10

solids liquid, gas, plasma and bose-eistein condensate.

Question 11

Solids

Answer 11

has definite shape and occupies a definite volume.

Question 12

Liquids

Answer 12

have no definite shape, but with definite volume.

Question 13

Gas (or vapor)

Answer 13

has no definite shape and volume.

Question 14

Plasma

Answer 14

a hot ionized gas consisting of approximately equal numbers of positively charged ions and negatively charged electrons.

Example of plasmas are those found in some kinds of fluorescent lights, neon signs and lightning.

Question 15

Bose-Eistein Condensate

Answer 15

state of matter in which separate atoms or
subatomic particles, cooled to near absolute zero.
When they reach that temperature, the atoms are hardly moving relative to each other; they have
almost no free energy to do so. At that point, the atoms begin to clump together, and enter the same energy states.

Question 16

How do we classify matter?

Answer 16

The principal classes are pure substances and mixtures.
A pure substance has a constant composition that does not vary, no matter what its source or how much of it there is.
A mixture is matter composed of two or more substances that can be separated from one another by a physical process.

Question 17

Pure substances are subdivided into two groups:

Answer 17

Elements and Compounds

Question 18

Element

Answer 18

a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances.

Question 19

Elements are classified as:

Answer 19

metal, non-metal and metalloids.

Question 20

Compound

Answer 20

substance formed when two or more chemical elements are

chemically bonded together.

Question 21

Mixtures are further classified based on the nature particles:

Answer 21

Homogenous and Heterogenous Mixtures

Question 22

Homogeneous mixture

Answer 22

the substances making up the mixture are distributed uniformly, and the composition and appearance of the mixture are uniform
throughout.

Question 23

A gold miner has just found a nugget of pure gold. He measures its dimensions and then calculates its volume to be 0.125 L. knowing that the density of gold is 19.3 grams per mL, calculate the mass of the miner’s nugget.

Answer 23

The correct answer is: 2412.5 g

Question 24

The average body temperature of a house cat is 101.50F. what is this temperature in Celsius?

Answer 24

The correct answer is: 38.6C

Question 25

Convert the number from scientific notation back into standard form.
1.89 x 10-9

Answer 25

The correct answer is: 0.00000000189

Question 26

You are offered an on-the-job training during school with a laboratory manufacturing pharmaceutical products. In this position, you are required to analyze unknown samples using a variety of chemical instruments. These instruments are able to determine the composition of drug samples (i.e identity). You are also taught methods to quantify the different chemicals present in each drug sample. Considering the given scenario, what area of chemistry is applicable or represented by the circumstance?

Answer 26

The correct answer is: analytical chemistry

Question 27

Classify the statement as an: extensive property or an intensive property.
Gray tin converts to white tin at 13.2C.

Answer 27

The correct answer is: intensive property