Chapter 1 - Foundations of Physiology

Question 1

Physiology

Answer 1

scientific study of the function of the body

Question 2

Teleological approach

Answer 2

the “why”, explains the body function in terms of need

Question 2

Mechanistic approach

Answer 2

the “how”, mechanism of action as in cause-and-effect sequences of chemical or physical processes.

Question 3

Extracellular fluid

Answer 3

Fluid cells live in

Question 4

Two types of Extracellular fluid

Answer 4

1) interstitial (bathes the cells)
2) Plasma (blood)

Question 5

Intracellular Fluid

Answer 5

Fluid in the cell

Question 6

Contribution to homeostasis :
Circulatory

Answer 6

transports nutrients, waste, O2, CO2, electrolytes and hormones throughout the body.
Thermoregulator for moving heat throughout the body.

Question 7

Contribution to homeostasis :
Digestive

Answer 7

obtains nutrients, H20, electrolytes from the enviro and transfers them to the plasma. Eliminates undigested food and breaks down dietary food.

Question 8

Contribution to homeostasis :
Respiratory

Answer 8

Takes in O2 and gets rid of CO2, helps regulate the pH by adjusting the removal of acid-forming CO2.

Question 9

Contribution to homeostasis :
Urinary

Answer 9

removes wastes, Na+, excess H20, acid and electrolytes from plasma and releases them in the form of urine. Regulates volume, electrolytes, pH.

Question 10

Contribution to homeostasis :
Skeletal

Answer 10

support, Ca+ storage, movmt and bone marrow - RBCs and WBCs

Question 11

Contribution to homeostasis :
Muscular

Answer 11

movmt of bones, heat generating contractions that help regulate temp

Question 12

Contribution to homeostasis :
Integumentary

Answer 12

protective barrier, body temp

Question 13

Contribution to homeostasis :
Immune

Answer 13

protect, foreign invaders, repair and replace cells

Question 14

Contribution to homeostasis :
Nervous

Answer 14

controls/coordinates body movmt with rapid response times.
Detects and initiates run to change from the external enviro

Question 15

Contribution to homeostasis :
Endocrine

Answer 15

regulate with duration rather than spped

Question 16

Contribution to homeostasis :
Reproduction

Answer 16

Not essential to homeostasis.

Question 17

Intrinsic Contol

Answer 17

built in to the organ. “self-serving”

Question 18

Intrinsic Control example

Answer 18

Exercise: o2 generates energy for muscle contractions, O2 decreases and blood vessels begin to diaate, therefore increasing blood flow and the O2 increases in the muscle.

Question 19

Extrinsic Control

Answer 19

initiated outside of the organ, Nervous and Endocrine system

Question 20

Extrinsic Control Example

Answer 20

decrease in bp - servers kickstart the heart therefore increases the HR therefore increases cardiac out put therefore increases bP

Question 21

Feedforward

Answer 21

anticipation of change
Ex: salivary glands water when you smell food

Question 22

Feedback systems

Answer 22

response after change has been detected. Loops around

Question 23

Negative Feedback

Answer 23

reverse change by bringing back to normal

Question 24

Negative feedback Loop

Answer 24

Stimulus- sensor- control centre-effector- controlled condition

Question 25

Negative Feedback Loop Example

Answer 25

dec temp –> PNS nerves –. hypothalamus –> skeletal (shivers) to bring back temp –> temp returns to normal