Chapter 1: Foundations For The Study Of Psychology

Question 1

Dualism

Answer 1

The idea that each human consists of two distinct but intimately conjoined entities: a material body and an immaterial soul.

Question 2

Materialism

Answer 2

Thomas Hobbes said that all human behavior can be understood in terms of physical processes in the body and brain

Question 3

Empiricism

Answer 3

The idea that human knowledge and thought derive from sensory experiences

Question 4

Tabula rasa

Answer 4

The idea that children are born with a blank slate and that experiences are the chalk that fills the slate

Question 5

Association by contiguity

Answer 5

The complex idea of an apple consists of basic sensations: red, round, sweet. Contiguity means bordering/in contact

Question 6

Nativism

Answer 6

Kant and Leibniz say that basic forms of human knowledge are inborn such as laughing and crying. This was supported by Darwin’s theory of evolution

Question 7

Behavioral Genetics

Answer 7

To what extent do genes create psychology differences among individuals

Question 8

Evolutionary Psychology

Answer 8

For example, how and why has smiling evolved into an important part in our lives and other primates. Sexual jealousy is another example

Question 9

Cognitive psychology

Answer 9

How our thoughts, beliefs and memories influence our experiences and behavior. For example: what are the mental processes the mind goes through when solving a riddle