chapter 1- foundations

Question 1

matter has _____ and takes up _______

Answer 1

mass, volume

Question 2

composition vs structure

Answer 2

composition: what something is made of
structure: composition + how the components are organized

Question 3

the fundamental unit of matter

Answer 3

atoms

Question 4

_____s are made of only one atom

Answer 4

element

Question 5

compounds are…

Answer 5

composed of 2+ elements bound by a fixed ratio

Question 6

molecules are…

Answer 6

groups of atoms that bind tightly together and behave as a unit

Question 7

diatomic molecules

Answer 7

2 of the same atoms that are bound together to make a molecule

Question 8

7 diatomic molecules

Answer 8

H N F O I Cl Br

Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Fluorine
Oxygen
Iodine
Chlorine
Bromine

Question 9

what is the difference between a mixture and a pure substance?

Answer 9

mixtures contain more then one substance, no fixed ratios

Question 10

what is an alloy? Is it a mixture or pure substance?

Answer 10

a metal made by combining two or more metallic elements. mixture

Question 11

what are the two types of mixtures

Answer 11

homologous and heterogeneous

Question 12

homologous vs heterogeneous mixtures. provide an example

Answer 12

homo= all even and same (salt in water)
hetero= not even and same (sand in water)

Question 13

what is the difference between compounds and a mixture?

Answer 13

compounds have a uniform/fixed ratios and are mixed at the chemical level. mixtures can be made of anything and are mixed at a physical level

Question 14

what does filtration do to heterogeneous mixes?

Answer 14

sorts elements

Question 15

physical changes and properties

Answer 15

Mass Volume Temperature Hardness Color
“My Very, Thick, Hard, Cock”

Question 16

Physical changes (do/do not) require changing the identity to measure

Answer 16

do not

Question 17

Chemical changes (do/do not) require changing the identity to measure

Answer 17

do

Question 18

heat energy can be used to change…

Answer 18

the states of matter

Question 19

A solid has an ________ framework of atoms. These atoms _________. On heating, this process becomes _________.

Answer 19

ordered
vibrate
faster

Question 20

Changing the identity of a chemical substance is known as a ________ _________

Answer 20

chemical reaction

Question 21

When elements combine to form new compounds, it is known as a ________ _________

Answer 21

chemical change

Question 22

All changes require ___________

Answer 22

energy

Question 23

energy is

Answer 23

the ability to do work

Question 24

potential vs kinetic energy

Answer 24

p: stored energy
k: the energy of motion

Question 25

heat energy involves the __________ _______ of the particles in a substance

Answer 25

kinetic energy

Question 26

Substances are described as either ________ ________ or ____________

Answer 26

high energy or stable

Question 27

When something has high energy:

Answer 27

it can bring about a change

Question 28

Exothermic vs endothermic change

Answer 28

ex: releases heat energy
en: absorbs heat energy

Question 29

example of exothermic energy

Answer 29

fire burning

Question 30

example of endothermic energy

Answer 30

converting water to steam when making pasta

Question 31

Hypothesis:

Answer 31

a tentative explanation that has not been tested

Question 32

Theory:

Answer 32

An idea supported by experimental evidence or a paradigm

Question 33

Scientific law:

Answer 33

a statement that describes observations that are true in widely varying circumstances