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RN Psych Cert > Chapter 1 Foundational Aspects Of Brain > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Foundational Aspects Of Brain Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the largest part of the brain

A

Cerebrum

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2
Q

3 basic components the cerebrum surrounds

A

Cerebral cortex
Cerebellum
Brainstem

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3
Q

What 3 major structures create the CNS (central nervous system)

A

Brain
Brainstem
Spinal cord

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4
Q

What is PNS

A

Peripheral nervous system

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5
Q

What is the purpose of somatic branch of PNS

A

Voluntary motor movement

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6
Q

Purpose of Autonomic branch (ANS) OF PNS

A

Controls muscular & excretion activities of internal organs, blood vessels, glands (endo/exocrine)

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7
Q

Function of sympathetic branch

A

Increase HR, RR, BP, energy mobilization. Decreases digestive & reproductive function

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8
Q

Function of parasympathetic branch of ANS

A

Homeostatic, maintain HR, RR, metabolic & digestive function.

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9
Q

What ANS is fight or flight

A

Sympathetic division

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10
Q

What ANS is rest/digest function or restorative function

A

Parasympathetic

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11
Q

What are the 4 lobes of brain

A

Frontal
Temporal
Occipital
Parietal

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12
Q

What is corpus callosum

A

A band of axons that present bilateral in brain connecting 4 lobes of brain

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13
Q

What are the parts of the brain the corpus callosum connect

A

Frontal
Temporal
Occipital
Parietal

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14
Q

What is the purpose of ascending and descending pathways in the brain

A

Carry info between brain and spinal cord

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15
Q

An injury to the left frontal lobe may affect ______ functioning on the _____ side of body

A

Motor
Right

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16
Q

_____ is the deterioration in intellectual & cognitive functions

A

Dementia

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17
Q

________ is the disruption of language function

A

Aphasia

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18
Q

Aphasia affects what lobes of brain

A

Frontal & Temporal

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19
Q

_______ is a disturbance in the organization of voluntary action (putting on clothes)

A

Apraxia

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20
Q

_____ is disorganization of perception & recognition

A

Agnosia

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21
Q

Agnosia affects what lobe of the brain

A

Parietal

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22
Q

Define amnesia

A

Dysfunction of memory process

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23
Q

What part of brain does amnesia affect

A

Temporal lobe

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24
Q

Define alogia

A

Disruption of expressive language ability (poverty of speech)

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25
Q

What lobe(s) of brain does alogia affect

A

Frontal & Temporal

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26
Q

What is the foremost part of the cortex

A

Frontal lobe (prefrontal cortex)

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27
Q

3 major functions of frontal lobe (prefrontal cortex)

A

Executive or higher level cognitive function
Working memory
Personality

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28
Q

What & where is the motor strip of the brain

A

Across top, left to right, coordinates movement

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29
Q

What is the brains sensory strip located in the postcentral gyrus

A

5 senses. Provides perceptual cues to the world around us.

30
Q

Injury to the ______ ______ can manifest as hallucinations or be experienced in convulsive conditions.

A

Sensory strip

31
Q

What are the 5 senses

A

Auditory
Visual
Gustatory (taste)
Tactile
Olfactory

32
Q

Where is the Occipital cortex and it’s responsibility

A

Back of head
Visual activity

33
Q

What part of the brain houses the auditory process, and where is it located

A

Temporal cortex
Behind sensory cortex

34
Q

What system plays a primitive role in triggering memories

A

Olfactory system

35
Q

What function of the frontal lobe refers to decision making, planning, organizing, & impulse control

A

Executive or higher-level cognitive functioning

36
Q

Frontal lobe: ______ _______ refers to attentional system that holds/manipulates info until it is transferred to long-term memory

A

Working memory

37
Q

________ develops over the early years as a function of interplay between brain and environment

A

Personality

38
Q

At what age does personality stabilize or change very little

A

Late adolescent or early adulthood

39
Q

What are Broca’s area & Wernicke’s area

A

2 areas of the brain that play a part in language. Broca is language production. Wernicke is language comprehension

40
Q

Define Broca’s aphasia

A

damage to the inferior frontal cortex resulting in speech difficulty

41
Q

Temporal lobe functions

A

Hearing
Interpret language
Learning/memory
Emotional responses

42
Q

The posterior temporal cortex involved in interpretation of language is?

A

Wernicke’s Area

43
Q

Functions of Parietal lobe

A

Light touch, pressure, pain, temperature, vibration, proprioception (position sense)

44
Q

Define sensory agnosia

A

Inability to interpret sensory information dye to damage of Parietal lobe

45
Q

Define Graphomotor problems

A

Difficulties drawing clock, copying a figure

46
Q

Graphomotor problems, sensory agnosia & spatial difficulties are due to damage in the _________ lobe.

A

Parietal lobe

47
Q

Visual agnosia & visual hallucinations are due to damage in the ________ lobe.

A

Occipital lobe

48
Q

Give 2 examples of Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS)

A

Bradykinesia, hyperkinesia

49
Q

Parkinsonism is caused by distruction of ________ neurons that project into the _______ ______ (Bundle of Nerves.)

A

Dopaminergic, basal ganglia

50
Q

______, _______, & ________ all.suggest disease or damage to the Basal Ganglia

A

Bradykinesia, hyperkinesia, & hypokinesia

51
Q

The Thalamus, also known as the _______ station is located where?

A

Relay station
Between spinal cord & cortex

52
Q

The _______ transmits incoming sensory information to relevant cortical areas

A

Thalamus

53
Q

The RAS (reticulated activating system), Brainstem & _____ help modilate arousal levels

A

Thalamus

54
Q

The _______ is the master homeostatic center in the brain

A

Hypothalamus

55
Q

Functions of Hypothalamus

A

Regulate food & fluid intake, temperature, hunger, circadian rhythm & pituitary gland.

56
Q

In perceived or actual stress, the _______ responds by triggering the _______ affecting the ANS and release ______

A

Hypothalamus
Amygdala
Epinephrine (adrenalin)

57
Q

Function of Cerebellum

A

Movement, balance, posture

58
Q

What s/s indicates Cerebellum dysfunction

A

Ataxia (wide-based gait), difficulties with finger to nose touch, difficulties with balance when eyes are closed

59
Q

What system of the brain regulates emotion and memory

A

The Limbic system- “pleasure center”

60
Q

What part of the brain is responsible for consolidating long-term explicit memories for facts & events

A

Hippocampus, “memory center”

61
Q

Define neurogenesis, give an example of where in the brain this happens

A

An area of the brain capable of generating new neurons. The hippocampus

62
Q

What part of the brain is important in considering excessive fears, emotions, & impulsively

A

Amygdala, “the emotional brain”

63
Q

What part of the brain is critical in activation of the normal sleep-wake cycle & circadian rhythm patterns

A

The reticulated formation, part of the reticulated activating system

64
Q

The neurotransmitter pathways are essential for modulating what 5 “M’s”

A

Motor control
Memory
Mood
Motivation
Metabolic state

65
Q

Brain injury below level of decussation result in same or opposite side of body effects

A

Same side

66
Q

Brain injury above decussation show what type of injury

A

Peripheral impairment on opposite side of body

67
Q

_______ is the site of decussation in the brain

A

Medulla

68
Q

What part of brain relays info between the Cerebellum & cerebrum

A

Pons

69
Q

Substantia nigra

A

Dopamine

70
Q

Locus ceruleus

A

Norepinephrine

71
Q

Raphe nuclei

A

Serotonin

72
Q

What are the 2 distinct brain tissue types

A

Glia & neurons

RN Psych Cert (1 decks)

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