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HNSC1210 > Chapter 1 - Food choices + Human health > Flashcards

Chapter 1 - Food choices + Human health Flashcards

1
Q

Health

A

the state of a human when it functions optimally without evidence of disease or abnormality

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2
Q

Nutrition

A

the study of:

  • Nutrients in food
  • How nutrients are used in the body
  • Human behaviours related to food
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3
Q

Diet

A

the foods + beverages a person usually consumes

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4
Q

Food

A

any substance that the body can take in and assimilate that will enable to to stay alive and healthy

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5
Q

Chronic disease

A

a long duration, degenerative disease characterized by the damage of body organs

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6
Q

Nutritional genomics (Nutrigenomics)

A

the science of how nutrients affect the activities of genes & how genes affect the activity of nutrients

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7
Q

Nutrients

A

Components in food that are essential to the functioning of the body

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8
Q

2 groups of nutrients

A

Energy providing

Non-energy providing (other)

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9
Q

3 classes of energy providing nutrients

A

Carbs
fats
protein

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10
Q

3 classes of non-energy providing nutrients

A

Water
vitamins
minerals

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11
Q

Essential nutrients

A

nutrients that the body cannot make for itself (i.e. must be obtained)

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12
Q

8 essential amino acids

A

TV TILL PM
Threonine, Valine
Tryptophan, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine
Phenylalanine, Methionine

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13
Q

2 essential fatty acids

A

Linoleic acid

Linolenic acid

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14
Q

True or false - most vitamins are essential nutrients

A

True

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15
Q

3 fat soluble vitamins

A

A,D,E

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16
Q

1 conditional vitamin

A

K

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17
Q

True or false - all minerals are non-essential nutrients

A

False - all are essential

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18
Q

Conditionally essential nutrients

A

the body cannot make enough to meet the requirements for health

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19
Q

non-essential nutrients

A

the body can make for itself, does not have to rely on food intake

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20
Q

Calorie

A

amount of energy required to raise 1L of water by 1ºC

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21
Q

Calories in:

carbs, fats, proteins, alcohol

A

4, 9, 4, 7

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22
Q

5 characteristics of a healthy diet

A 
Adequacy
Balace
Calorie control
Moderation
Variety
23
Q

Adequacy

A

Diet is adequate in essential nutrients, fibre, & energy

24
Q

Balance

A

Balance in nutrients & food types

25
Q

Calorie control

A

foods provide amount of energy to maintain healthy body weight

26
Q

Moderation

A

moderation in fat, salt, sugar, etc.

27
Q

Variety

A

choosing different foods each day

28
Q

Basic/ whole foods

A

normal foods (milk products, meats, vegetables, fruits, grains, etc.)

29
Q

Enriched/ fortified foods

A

foods with added nutrients

30
Q

Functional foods

A

foods that possess nutrients or non-nutrients that might protect against disease

31
Q

natural foods

A

implies wholesomeness

32
Q

Nutraceutical

A

products isolated from food, often sold in pill form & believed to have medicinal effects

33
Q

Partitioned foods

A

food composed of parts of whole foods (ex. butter from milk)

34
Q

Processed foods

A

food subjected to any process

milling, additives, cooking, texture alteration

35
Q

Staple foods

A

foods used frequently or daily

36
Q

Nutrient density

A

a measure of nutrients per calorie of food

37
Q

blind experiment

A

subjects dont know if they’re in experimental or control group

38
Q

case studies

A

study individuals in clinical settings

39
Q

control group

A

a group who is similar to the experimental group in all ways, except receive a placebo instead of the real treatment

40
Q

epidemiological studies

A

study of populations

41
Q

intervention study

A

studies of populations in which experimental manipulation of some individuals has taken place (ex. half of subjects)

42
Q

laboratory studies

A

studies under tightly controlled conditions

used to study cause and effects, often use animals

43
Q

randomized controlled trials (RCT)/ clinical trials

A

subjects are placed in experimental/ control group in random fashion (no bias)

44
Q

Advertorials

A

long ads that read like feature articles

45
Q

anecdotal evidence

A

info based on interesting/ entertaining personal accounts of events (not scientific)

46
Q

nutritional fraud/ quackery

A

promotion of something for financial gain

claims to alter human condition without any proof for safety or effectiveness

47
Q

infomercials

A

feature-length television commercials that follow the format of regular programs but are intended to convince people to buy stuff

48
Q

urban legends

A

stories, usually false, that gain strength by repetition

49
Q

Nutritionist

A

non-regulated term, person may not have formal training

50
Q

Registered dietitian (RD)

A

regulated by law, member of a provincial regulatory body

4 year undergrad degree + 8-12 month practicum + Canadian Dietetic Registration Exam

51
Q

dietetic technician

A

person who has completed 2 year academic degree + dietetic technician program

52
Q

Dieticians of Canada

A

professional organization for Canada

53
Q

Medical nutrition therapy

A

nutrition services used in the treatment of injury, illness, etc.

54
Q

public health nutritionist

A

RD with an advanced degree in nutrition who specializes in public health

HNSC1210 (3 decks)

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