Chapter 1 Exam

Question 1

Define Chemistry

Answer 1

Study of matter and the changes matter undergoes

Question 2

Define Scientific Method

Answer 2

Series of steps to get to answer

Question 3

What are the components of scientific method

Answer 3

observation, hypothesis, prediction, conducting experiment, conclusion

Question 4

Define Law

Answer 4

statement of phenomena of the natural world and is invariable under given conditions

Question 5

Define Scientific theory

Answer 5

accepted principles to explain phenomena (based on huge data sets)

Question 6

What are the 3 domains of chemistry

Answer 6

macroscopic, microscopic, symbolic

Question 7

define macroscopic and give an example of it

Answer 7

large scale, can be seen with a naked eye
ex. salt crystals

Question 8

define microscopic scale and give an example

Answer 8

much too small to be seen with eyes or microscope
Ex. sodium ions and chloride ions

Question 9

define symbolic and give an example

Answer 9

specialized language that we use in chemistry to represent the components of both macro and micro scale
ex. NaCl

Question 10

Define a solid

Answer 10

fixed volume
fixed shape

Question 11

define a gas

Answer 11

no fixed volume
no fixed shape

Question 12

define a liquid

Answer 12

fixed volume
no fixed shape

Question 13

dine law of conservation of mater

Answer 13

the amount of matter present before a physical or chemical change is equal to the amount of matter after the change

Question 14

Describe matter

Answer 14

it cannot be created or destroyed - only changed
has to have volume and mass

Question 15

define atoms

Answer 15

smallest particle of an element that can exist alone or in combination

Question 16

define element

Answer 16

building blocks of matter
can’t be separated by ordinary chemical means
each element has a unique atom

Question 17

define molecules

Answer 17

2+ atoms joined together

Question 18

give an example of a molecule

Answer 18

H2O

Question 19

define diatomic molecules

Answer 19

2 atoms of the same element bonded
7 naturally occurring one

Question 20

what are the 7 naturally occurring diatomics

Answer 20

Hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, chlorine, bromine, iodine,

Question 21

what are the 2 compositions of matter

Answer 21

pure substances and mixtures

Question 22

what are pure substances

Answer 22

elements and compounds

Question 23

define pure substances

Answer 23

matter with distinct properties and a composition that does not vary from sample to sample

Question 24

give an example of pure substance

Answer 24

H2O

Question 25

Give an example of an element

Answer 25

Fe, O2

Question 26

define compounds

Answer 26

2+ different elements
compounds are made from elements

Question 27

give an example of a compound

Answer 27

H2O, NaCl

Question 28

Define mixture and give an example

Answer 28

2+ pure substances mixed but each maintains its chemical identities
ex. Baking Powder

Question 29

what are the 2 types of mixtures

Answer 29

homogeneous mixtures an heterogeneous mixtures

Question 30

define homogeneous and give an example

Answer 30

perfectly mixed, uniform throughout
ex. juice or milk

Question 31

define heterogeneous and give an example

Answer 31

imperfect mixture
ex. piece of granite

Question 32

define properties

Answer 32

any characteristic that allows us to recognize a particular type of matter and distinguishes from other types

Question 33

what are the 6 properties

Answer 33

physical properties, physical change, chemical properties, chemical changes, extensive properties, intensive properties

Question 34

define physical property and give an example

Answer 34

properties that can be observed without changing the identity/composition
ex. color, odor, density, hardness, melting point, boiling point

Question 35

define physical change and give an example

Answer 35

a change to a substances physical appearance, but not its composition
ex. boiling melting, crushing

Question 36

define chemical properties and give an example

Answer 36

a property that describes how a substance can change composition
ex. flammable, reactive, stable, radioactive

Question 37

define Chemical changes and give an example

Answer 37

change that transforms a substance into a different substance
ex. burning alcohol, decomposition, precipitation

Question 38

define extensive properties and give an example

Answer 38

depend on amount of matter present
ex. mass, volume, lengths

Question 39

define intensive properties and give an example

Answer 39

don’t depend on amount of matter present
ex. density, mp, bp

Question 40

describe location and properties of metals

Answer 40

on the left of the periodic table
properties: high luster, electrical and heat conductivity, solid, malleable, ductile

Question 41

describe location and properties of metalloids

Answer 41

elements touching the line
properties of metals and non metals

Question 42

describe location and properties of non-metals

Answer 42

elements on the right
little to none similarity to each other and metals, poor conductors