Chapter 1 - Evolving Flashcards
What is the “vehicle” that individuals use to voice their opinions?
Social Media
Opinions about leadership can be a result of our…
reactions, feelings
Why do we study leadership?
evokes issues we deeply care about and engages our values, exercising leadership is a way of giving meaning
What are the four threats of the world?
- Nuclear/biological catastrophe (deliberate/accidental)
- worldwide epidemic
- tribalism/assimilation
- leadership of human institutions
Who has the power to leverage leadership to address complex problems?
Individuals and groups of people
What is leadership?
opinions, meaning, thinking, engaging, invoke feelings, complex and deeply personal
What are core components of leadership?
arrange and rearrange concepts in ways that are meaningful to your understanding of what a leader is and is not.
What are the four core assumptions?
- Research Paradigms
- Social Constructs
- Values
- Interdisciplinary
Paradigmatic Assumptions are…
…a basic lens (concepts, assumptions, values, and practices) for which a person view the world.
Paradigm
Is a set of beliefs and agreements shared about how to best understand and address problems.
Sets boundaries regarding what is/not valued, and what is appropriate
What are the four types of Paradigms
- Positism
- Constructivism
- Critical Theory
- Post Modernism
The world is complex, chaotic, ambiguous and fragmented. Questions the “truth”, objective, leadership is relative with a means to disrupt the status quo. Contradictory concepts merit examination.
Post Modernism
Built on experiences and perspective reality uncovered by interaction and interpretation. Leadership is dependent on individual experience and is relational.
Constructivism
Multiple constructed realities. Identification and transformation of socially unjust structures which questions values and assumptions. Power is central to leadership, but it can be abused to maintain social stratification and reflects the values and beliefs of the dominant group.
Critical Theory
Based on absolute truths confirmed or predicted through scientific observation, reasoning and measurement. It eliminates/reduces bias and provides prescriptive answers.
Positism
If something is socially constructed it means that it doesn’t exist…
naturally.
Something is identified, named, and understood based on social interactions and represents beliefs which function as framers of reality (which can be difficult to change).
Social Construct
Social constructs are based on
time, context, culture, and the varying reactions to and interpretations of leadership.
How is leadership socially constructed?
Represents the value norms that a particular group of people endorse, whether good or bad and deemed which values are acknowledged/made important.
Interdisciplinary is
integrative and synergistic
Theory
strings abstract propositions and hypothesis to attempt to make meaning or explain complex phenomena and allows us to make sense of infinite information to process.
What are the two types of theories?
Formal Theory and Informal Theory
Also referred to as scientific or academic. Can be empirically studied to generate relationships among concepts to created a greater whole.
Formal Theory
Represents individual subconscious thinking about the way the world/phenomena operates. Untested ideas that are developed through personal experiences/observations and undergoes continuous process of vetting and renegotiation. Delimited by assumptions.
Informal Theory
Models help demonstrate relationships among…
ideas and descriptive representation (visual)
Are models considered theories?
No
Abstract representation of ideas that are conceptual/philisophical that may not be empirically validated.
Frameworks
Foundation for leadership theory. It is approached by a function of ones formal /informal theoretical understanding (how one sees and understands) the construct (theory). It influences assumptions and values to develop self image and ability to practice leadership.
Leadership Development
What is Leadership Development?
Expansion of a persons capacity to be effective in leadership roles and processes. Enhancing the capacity of teams and organizations to engage successfully in leadership roles.
What is human capital?
Focus on individual development that is beneficial based on ones skills, knowledge and abilities
Four parts of Leaders and Leadership Development
Capacity, Enactment, Efficacy and Motivation
Individual differences construct that affects a leader decision to attend leadership training, roles and responsibilities which affect effort and persistence as a leader.
Leadership Motivation
What are the three forms of leadership motivation?
Affective Identity, Noncalculative and Social Normative
Affective Identity Motivation
People enjoy leading. It’s tied to a sense of self identity
Noncalculative Motivation
lack of fully examining cost and benefits with leading. It could be naiivity, unimportant or motivational)
Social Normative Motivation
Reflects sense of duty or obligation, increased motivation to learn and eventually apply leadership concepts
Helps explain why there are significant gaps between Leadership Capacity and Leadership Enactment. Individuals and groups internal beliefs about likelihood of success with a task. This is a critical determinant if something will be enacted.
Leadership Efficacy
Overall sense of self worth and personal value
Self-Esteem
Outward projection of beliefs which may, or may not align with internal beliefs
Confidence
This is tied to internal beliefs about serving in formal roles
Leader Efficacy
Addresses beliefs associated with group processes
Leadership Efficacy
Structure to distinguish theories
Core Considerations
What is considered a myth about leadership?
That it is hereditary and people are born leaders, not made.
Accepts varied perspectives, values and beliefs of others
Empathy
Demonstrates the ability to be accountable for outcomes of professional and personal actions
Responsibility
Works to develop positive relationships with others in a variety of venues
Communication
Seeks opportunities to develop personally and professionally
Lifelong Learning
Maintains professional work ethic and good judgement in clinical or other settings.
Professionalism
attentive to growth, change and adaptation
leadership
bound to authority, focused on efficacy, maintain status quo, tactics for goal accomplishment
management
right to direct others in a specified outcome, often tied to management roles
authority
ability to shape others behavior
power
weaker/less reliable than power
influence
What are the types of power?
referent, expert, legitimate, coercive, reward, information
derived from admiration/identification and desire for acceptance and affiliatiliation
referent
derived from perception of specialized/superior knowledge
expert
derived from perception of authority/right to make a request and an obligation to comply
legitimate
derived from ability to punish/threats of punshment
coercive
derived from ability to provide desirable form of compensation
reward
broad look at theory, difficult to specify
macro
the knowledge from being there
information
