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Biology > Chapter 1: Evolution, Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry > Flashcards

Chapter 1: Evolution, Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Properties of Life

A

Order
Energy Processing
Evolutionary adaptation
Growth and development
Response to the environment
Regulation
Reproduction

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2
Q

Levels of Biological Organization
(From most to least complex)

A

Biosphere
Ecosystems
Communities
Populations
Organisms
Organs
Tissues
Cells
Organelles
Molecules

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3
Q

Define evolution

A

Process of biological change in which species accumulate differences from their ancestors

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4
Q

What are the three domains of life?

A

Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya

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5
Q

What is a hypothesis?

A

an explanation based on observations and assumptions that lead to a testable prediction

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6
Q

What is an experiment?

A

a scientific test under controlled conditions

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7
Q

What is an independent variable?

A

manipulated factor

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8
Q

What is a dependent variable?

A

factor being measured, affected by the independent variable

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9
Q

What is binomial nomenclature?

A

how we name, identify, and classify things. Means “two names”.

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10
Q

What is the Biosphere?

A

Level of organization that consists of all life on Earth and all the places where life exists.

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11
Q

What is an ecosystem?

A

Level of organization that consists of all the living things in a particular area.

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12
Q

What is a community?

A

Level of organization that has an array of organisms inhabiting a particular ecosystem.

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13
Q

What is a population?

A

Level of organization that consists of all the individuals of a species living within the bounds of a specified area.

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14
Q

What is an organism?

A

Individual living things. Level of organization after population.

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15
Q

What are organs?

A

A body part that is made up of multiple tissues. Level of organization after organisms.

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16
Q

What are tissues?

A

A group of cells that work together to perform a specialized function. Level of organization after organs.

17
Q

What are cells?

A

Life’s fundamental unit of structure and function. Level of organization after tissues.

17
Q

What are organelles?

A

Various functional components that are present in cells. Level of organization after cells.

18
Q

What are molecules?

A

A chemical structure consisting of two or more units (atoms). Last level of organization.

19
Q

What is an emergent property?

A

New properties, or characteristics, that arise with each step up the hierarchy of life.

20
Q

What kingdoms does Domain Eukarya contain?

A

Kingdom Plantae
Kingdom Fungi
Kingdom Animalia
Protists

21
Q

What were Darwin’s two main points about evolution?

A

1.) As species adapt, they accumulate differences from their ancestors
2.) That natural selection is a primary cause of descent with modification

22
Q

What were Darwin’s three observations from nature?

A

1.) Individuals in a population vary in their traits.
2.) Population produce more offspring that can survive
3.) Species are generally suited to their environments

23
Q

What is natural selection?

A

A process in which individuals with certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce because of them.

24
Q

What is data?

A

Recorded observations.

25
Q

What is qualitative data?

A

Data that is in the form of recorded descriptions

26
Q

What is quantitative data?

A

Data that is in the form of numerical measurements.

27
Q

What is inductive reasoning?

A

Type of logic in which generalizations are based on a large number of specific observations.

28
Q

What is deductive reasoning?

A

A type of logic in which specific results are predicted from a general premise.

29
Q

What is a control group?

A

A set of subjects that lacks or does not receive the specific factor being tested.

30
Q

What is an experimental group?

A

A set of subjects that has or receives the specific factor being tested.

31
Q

What is a controlled experiment?

A

An experiment designed to compare an experimental group with a control group.

32
Q

What is a theory?

A

An explanation that is broader in scope than a hypothesis.

Biology (7 decks)

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