Chapter 1 : European Renaissance and Reformation Flashcards
What was the Renaissance a rebirth of?
Art and Learning
What were Desiderius Erasmus and Thomas More?
Christian Humanists
In what way did Leonardo Da Vinci represent the Renaissance Man?
He was a painter, sculptor, inventor, and scientist.
Who declared himself the head of the English Church?
Henry VIII
Where was the first movable type used?
China
What was one of John Calvin’s major teachings?
Predestination
What kind of person represented the ideal of the “Renaissance Man”?
Someone who excelled in many areas.
How did the Italy’s location help it become the birthplace of the Renaissance?
- thriving cities
- a wealthy merchant class
- the classical heritage of Greece and Rome
What was an important effect of the printing press?
The printing press made it possible to produce books quickly and cheaply.
What were Luther’s main beliefs?
- People could win salvation only by faith in God’s gift of forgiveness
- the words of the Bible were the only clear authority of the Church
- all people with faith are equal
What was the main reason for Henry VIII’s split with the Roman Catholic Church?
His desire for a male heir
What was agreed upon at the Council of Trent?
- The Church’s interpretation of the Bible was final.
- Christians needed faith and good works for salvation.
- The Bible and Church tradition were equally powerful authorities for guiding Christian life.
- Indulgences were valid expressions of faith. But the selling of indulgences was banned.
What were the major SOCIAL reasons for the Reformation?
- The Renaissance values about humanism and secularism led people to question the Church.
- The printing press helped to spread ideas critical of the Church.
What were the major POLITICAL reasons for the Reformation?
- Powerful monarchs challenged the Church as the supreme power in Europe.
- Many leaders viewed the pope as a foreign leader and challenged his authority.
What were the major ECONOMIC reasons for the Reformation?
- European princes and kings were jealous of the Church’s wealth.
- Merchants and others resented having to pay taxes to the church.
What were the major RELIGIOUS reasons for the Reformation?
- Some Church leaders had become worldly and corrupt.
- Many people found Church practices such as the sale of indulgences unacceptable.
What does secular mean?
concerned with worldly rather than spiritual matters
What does vernacular mean?
the everyday language of people in a region or country
The intellectual and cultural movement known as humanism arose from the study of what?
the study of classical texts (Roman and Greek)
In Greek, what does utopia mean?
no place
Predestination was the main doctrine of what religion?
Calvinism
Who was the founder of the religious order known as the Jesuits?
Ignatius of Loyola
What religion was only baptism of adults valid to?
Anabaptists
What is the Medici family famous for?
being rulers and supporting the arts
What was the first full-sized book Gutenburg printed?
The Bible
What area is the technique of perspective most useful in?
two-dimensional art
What is the practice of selling indulgences?
The clergy sold pardons (indulgences). Those pardons released people from preforming penalties for their sins.
Who invented the printing press?
Johann Gutenburg
What time frame covers the Renaissance? (years)
1300-1600
What did the Council of Trent agree upon?
several doctrines
ESSAY TOPIC!!!!!!
What were the effects of Gutenburg’s printing press?
+ info to include in your essay
EXTRA INFO
-movable type was invented in 1045 by the Chinese
-proved impractical
-printing press was made by Johann Gutenburg around 1440 in Mainz, Germany
-Combined technologies from Asia, Chinese and Europe
-Asian olive oil made it workable
-Chinese movable type
-European oil based ink
-First book was the Gutenburg Bible
-when more common made travel guides and manuals
EFFECTS
-easier and cheaper to produce books
-faster can make 100x faster than originally
-started a revolution of reading that is carried on even today
