Chapter 1- Ethical principals and professional conduct Flashcards
What are ethics?
The term ethics refers to standards that guide individuals to identify good, desirable or acceptable conduct
What are the four ethical values?
- Research merit and integrity
- Respect
- Beneficence
- Justice
What is research merit?
Research that has merit is worthwhile and justifiable by potential benefits such as advancement of knowledge and understanding, improved wellbeing of individuals or society in general, and even improved skill and expertise of researchers
What is integrity?
Integrity is demonstrated in the researcher’s commitment to:
- Honest and ethical conduct of their research
- The search for knowledge
- Recognised principles of conducting research
- Communication of results obtained from the research, whether the results are favourable or unfavourable
What is respect?
Respect is demonstrated when the researcher values each participant as a human being and properly regards the welfare, rights, beliefs, perceptions, customs and cultural heritage of each individual.
What is beneficence?
Beneficence refers to the researcher’s responsibility to maximise possible benefits of the research to participants, to the wider community, or to both, while minimising risks of harm or discomfort to the participants
What is justice?
Justice requires that researchers, as far as possible, be fair in relation to the selection, inclusion and exclusion of different categories of potential research participants.
What are the 5 participant’s rights?
- confidentiality (privacy)
- voluntary participation
- withdrawal rights
- informed consent
- access to debriefing
What is confidentiality?
- any details leading to identification of a participant’s involvement in a study cannot be revealed unless consent is provided
- confidentiality requirement applies to the access of research data by others, and to the storage and disposal of research data.
- procedure for establishing confidentiality must be explained to participants before the research study is conducted
What is voluntary participation?
Must ensure that participants voluntarily consent to be involved in a study. Participants must not be pressured to take part and the researcher must ensure that prospective participants do not experience negative consequences if the chose to not be involved.
What are withdrawal rights?
Must inform participants of the nature of the research and that they are free to participatw or decline to pariticipate. A participant must be permitted to withdraw from the study at anytime, without giving a reason, and to withdraw their results after the study has been completed should they wish to do so
What are informed consent procedures?
Participants must be informed of the nature and purpose of the research, and of all the information and details about the study being performed. Informed consent must be properly documented and consent must be appropriately obtained when dealing with participants who are unable to give their own consent (e.g. children, severely disabled..etc).
What is debreifing?
Debreifing involves clarifying each participant’s understanding of the research study after it has been conducted. Includes correcting any mistaken attitudes or beliefs that participants have about the study. Researcher must provide information about appropriate services for participants should negative effects (e.g. stress) occur. Give pariticpants the opportunity to gain information about the study and its findings.
What is used to counteract deception?
Debriefing
What are reporting conventions?
Reporting conventions are well-established and widely recognised standards, or ‘rules’, about how a report is written and presented.
