Chapter 1: Essential Concepts of Radiologic Science Flashcards
Is anything that occupies space and has mass
Matter
It is the material substance having mass of which physical objects are composed
Matter
The fundamental, complex building blocks of matter are
atoms and molecules
The prefix kilo stand for?
1000
A kg is equal to?
1000 grams (g)
True or False:
Although mass, the quantity of matter, remains unchanged regardless of its state, it can be transformed from one size, shape, and form to another.
True
In the International System (SI) energy is measured in what?
joules (J)
In radiology, what unit of measurement is often used?
electron volt (eV)
The ability to do work by virtue of position
Potential energy
The ability to do work
Energy
The energy of motion
Kinetic energy
The energy released by a chemical reaction
Chemical energy
Represents the work that can be done when an electron moves through an electric potential difference (voltage)
Electrical energy
The energy of motion at the molecular level
Thermal energy (heat)
The energy that is contained within the nucleus of an atom
Nuclear energy
It is perhaps the least familiar form of energy
Electromagnetic energy
It is the type of energy that is used in x-ray imaging
Electromagnetic energy
True or False:
Energy can’t be transformed from one type to another.
False
Energy emitted and transferred through space is called
radiation
Matter that intercepts radiation and absorbs part or all of it is said to be what?
exposed or irradiated
A type of radiation that causes sunburn
Ultraviolet light
During a radiographic examination, the patient is exposed to x-rays, The patient is said to be what?
irradiated
The transfer of energy
Radiation
A special type of radiation that includes x-rays.
Ionizing radiation
Is any type of radiation that is capable of removing an orbital electron from the atom with which it interacts
Ionizing radiation
This type of interaction between radiation and matter is called
ionization
The orbital electron and the atom from which it was separated are called
ion pair
The removal of an electron from an atom
Ionization
Any type of energy that is capable of ionizing matter is known as
ionizing radiation
What are the only forms of electromagnetic radiation with sufficient energy to ionize?
X-rays, Gamma rays, Ultraviolet light
Examples of particle-type ionizing radiation
alpha and beta particles
TRUE OR FALSE:
Ionizing radiation can injure humans
True
Two main categories of the sources of radiation:
natural environmental radiation and man-made radiation
The unit of effective dose
mSv
It is used to express radiation exposure of populations and radiation risk in those populations
mSv
Natural environmental radiation consists of four components:
cosmic rays, terrestrial radiation, internally deposited radionuclides, and radon
Are particulate and electromagnetic radiation emitted by the sun and stars
Cosmic rays
Results from deposits of uranium, thorium, and other radionuclides in the Earth
Terrestrial radiation
Are natural metabolites
Internally deposited radionuclides
The largest source of natural environmental radiation
radon
It is a radioactive gas that is produced by the natural radioactive decay of uranium, which is present in trace quantities in the Earth
radon
It emits alpha particles, which are not penetrating, and therefore contributes a radiation dose only to the lung
radon
Constitute the largest man-made source of ionizing radiation
Diagnostic x-rays
The three general types of x-ray examinations:
radiography, fluoroscopy, and computed tomography
Uses film or a solid-state image receptor and usually an x-ray tube mounted from the ceiling on a track that allows the tube to be moved in any direction
Radiography
It is usually conducted with an x-ray tube located under the examination table
fluoroscopy
Uses a rotating x-ray source and detector array
computed tomography
It restricts the useful x-ray beam to that part of the body to be imaged and thereby spares adjacent tissue from unnecessary radiation exposure
Collimation
