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Bushong > Chapter 1: Essential Concepts of Radiologic Science > Flashcards

Chapter 1: Essential Concepts of Radiologic Science Flashcards

1
Q

Is anything that occupies space and has mass

A

Matter

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2
Q

It is the material substance having mass of which physical objects are composed

A

Matter

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3
Q

The fundamental, complex building blocks of matter are

A

atoms and molecules

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4
Q

The prefix kilo stand for?

A

1000

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5
Q

A kg is equal to?

A

1000 grams (g)

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6
Q

True or False:
Although mass, the quantity of matter, remains unchanged regardless of its state, it can be transformed from one size, shape, and form to another.

A

True

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7
Q

In the International System (SI) energy is measured in what?

A

joules (J)

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8
Q

In radiology, what unit of measurement is often used?

A

electron volt (eV)

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9
Q

The ability to do work by virtue of position

A

Potential energy

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10
Q

The ability to do work

A

Energy

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11
Q

The energy of motion

A

Kinetic energy

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12
Q

The energy released by a chemical reaction

A

Chemical energy

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13
Q

Represents the work that can be done when an electron moves through an electric potential difference (voltage)

A

Electrical energy

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14
Q

The energy of motion at the molecular level

A

Thermal energy (heat)

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15
Q

The energy that is contained within the nucleus of an atom

A

Nuclear energy

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16
Q

It is perhaps the least familiar form of energy

A

Electromagnetic energy

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17
Q

It is the type of energy that is used in x-ray imaging

A

Electromagnetic energy

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18
Q

True or False:
Energy can’t be transformed from one type to another.

A

False

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19
Q

Energy emitted and transferred through space is called

A

radiation

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20
Q

Matter that intercepts radiation and absorbs part or all of it is said to be what?

A

exposed or irradiated

21
Q

A type of radiation that causes sunburn

A

Ultraviolet light

22
Q

During a radiographic examination, the patient is exposed to x-rays, The patient is said to be what?

A

irradiated

23
Q

The transfer of energy

A

Radiation

24
Q

A special type of radiation that includes x-rays.

A

Ionizing radiation

25
Q

Is any type of radiation that is capable of removing an orbital electron from the atom with which it interacts

A

Ionizing radiation

26
Q

This type of interaction between radiation and matter is called

A

ionization

27
Q

The orbital electron and the atom from which it was separated are called

A

ion pair

28
Q

The removal of an electron from an atom

A

Ionization

29
Q

Any type of energy that is capable of ionizing matter is known as

A

ionizing radiation

30
Q

What are the only forms of electromagnetic radiation with sufficient energy to ionize?

A

X-rays, Gamma rays, Ultraviolet light

31
Q

Examples of particle-type ionizing radiation

A

alpha and beta particles

32
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
Ionizing radiation can injure humans

A

True

33
Q

Two main categories of the sources of radiation:

A

natural environmental radiation and man-made radiation

34
Q

The unit of effective dose

A

mSv

35
Q

It is used to express radiation exposure of populations and radiation risk in those populations

A

mSv

36
Q

Natural environmental radiation consists of four components:

A

cosmic rays, terrestrial radiation, internally deposited radionuclides, and radon

37
Q

Are particulate and electromagnetic radiation emitted by the sun and stars

A

Cosmic rays

38
Q

Results from deposits of uranium, thorium, and other radionuclides in the Earth

A

Terrestrial radiation

39
Q

Are natural metabolites

A

Internally deposited radionuclides

40
Q

The largest source of natural environmental radiation

A

radon

41
Q

It is a radioactive gas that is produced by the natural radioactive decay of uranium, which is present in trace quantities in the Earth

A

radon

42
Q

It emits alpha particles, which are not penetrating, and therefore contributes a radiation dose only to the lung

A

radon

43
Q

Constitute the largest man-made source of ionizing radiation

A

Diagnostic x-rays

44
Q

The three general types of x-ray examinations:

A

radiography, fluoroscopy, and computed tomography

45
Q

Uses film or a solid-state image receptor and usually an x-ray tube mounted from the ceiling on a track that allows the tube to be moved in any direction

A

Radiography

46
Q

It is usually conducted with an x-ray tube located under the examination table

A

fluoroscopy

47
Q

Uses a rotating x-ray source and detector array

A

computed tomography

48
Q

It restricts the useful x-ray beam to that part of the body to be imaged and thereby spares adjacent tissue from unnecessary radiation exposure

A

Collimation

Bushong (9 decks)

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