Chapter 1: Essential Concepts

Question 1

Accuracy

Answer 1

How close a measurement is to the true value

Question 2

Atom

Answer 2

The smallest particle of an element that can enter into a chemical combination

Question 3

Celsius (°C)

Answer 3

unit of temperature; water freezes at 0 °C and boils at 100 °C on this scale

Question 4

Chemical Change

Answer 4

Change that produces a different kind of matter from the original kind of matter

Question 5

Chemical Property

Answer 5

Behavior that is related to the change of one kind of matter into another kind of matter

Question 6

Chemistry

Answer 6

Study of the composition, properties, and interactions of matter

Question 7

Compound

Answer 7

Pure substance that can be decomposed into two or more elements

Question 8

cubic centimeter (cm3 or cc)

Answer 8

Volume of a cube with an edge length of exactly 1 cm

Question 9

cubic meter (m3)

Answer 9

si unit of volume

Question 10

Density

Answer 10

The ratio of mass to volume for a substance or object

Question 11

Dimensional Analysis

Answer 11

(Also, factor-label method) versatile mathematical approach that can be applied to computations ranging from simple unit conversions to more complex, multi-step calculations involving several different quantities

Question 12

Element

Answer 12

A substance that is composed of a single type of atom; a substance that a chemical change cannot decompose

Question 13

Exact Number

Answer 13

Number derived by counting or by definition

Question 14

Extensive Property

Answer 14

Property of a substance that depends on the amount of the substance

Question 15

Fahrenheit

Answer 15

Unit of temperature: water freezes at 32 °F and boils at 212 °F on this scale

Question 16

Gas

Answer 16

State in which matter has neither definite volume nor shape

Question 17

Heterogeneous Mixture

Answer 17

Combination of substances with a composition that varies from point to point

Question 18

Homogeneous Mixture

Answer 18

Combination of substances with a composition that is uniform throughout

Question 19

Hypothesis

Answer 19

A tentative explanation of observations that acts as a guide for gathering and checking information

Question 20

Intensive Property

Answer 20

Property of a substance that is independent of the amount of the substance

Question 21

Kelvin (K)

Answer 21

SI unit of temperature; 273.15 K = 0 ºC

Question 22

Kilogram (kg)

Answer 22

Standard SI Unit of Mass

Question 23

Law

Answer 23

A statement that summarizes a vast number of experimental observations and describes or predicts some aspect of the natural world

Question 24

Law of Conservation of Mass

Answer 24

When matter converts from one type to another or changes form, there is no detectable change in the total amount of matter present.

Question 25

Length

Answer 25

A measure of one dimension of an object

Question 26

Liquid

Answer 26

State of matter that has a definite volume but indefinite shape

Question 27

Liter (L)

Answer 27

(Also, cubic decimeter) unit of volume; 1 L = 1,000 cm3

Question 28

Macroscopic Domain

Answer 28

Realm of things that are much too small to be sensed directly

Question 29

Milliliter (mL)

Answer 29

1/1,000 of a liter; equal to 1 cm3

Question 30

Mixture

Answer 30

Matter that can be separated into its components by physical means

Question 31

Molecule

Answer 31

Bonded collection of two or more atoms of the same or different elements

Question 32

Physical Change

Answer 32

Change in the state or properties of matter that does not involve a change in its chemical composition

Question 33

Physical Property

Answer 33

Characteristic of matter that is not associated with any change in its chemical composition

Question 34

Plasma

Answer 34

A gaseous state of matter containing a large number of electrically charged atoms and/or molecules

Question 35

Precision

Answer 35

How closely does a measurement match the same measurement when repeated

Question 36

Pure Substance

Answer 36

Homogeneous substance that has a constant composition

Question 37

Rounding

Answer 37

The procedure used to ensure that calculated results properly reflect the uncertainty in the measurements used in the calculation

Question 38

Scientific Method

Answer 38

Path of discovery that leads from question and observation to law or hypothesis to theory, combined with experimental verification of the hypothesis and any necessary modification of the theory

Question 39

Seconds (s)

Answer 39

Unit of time

Question 40

SI units (International System of Units)

Answer 40

Standards fixed by international agreement in the International System of Units.

Question 41

Significant figures

Answer 41

All of the measured digits in a determination, including the uncertain last digit

Question 42

Solid

Answer 42

A state of matter that is rigid has a definite shape and a reasonably constant volume.

Question 43

Symbolic Domain

Answer 43

Specialized language used to represent components of the macroscopic and microscopic domains, such as chemical symbols, chemical formulas, chemical equations, graphs, drawings, and calculations

Question 44

Temperature

Answer 44

Intensive property representing the hotness or coldness of matter

Question 45

Theory

Answer 45

Well-substantiated, comprehensive, testable explanation of a particular aspect of nature

Question 46

Uncertainty

Answer 46

Estimate of the amount by which measurement differs from the actual value

Question 47

Unit

Answer 47

Standard of comparison for measurements

Question 48

Unit conversion factor

Answer 48

The ratio of equivalent quantities expressed with different units used to convert from one unit to a different unit

Question 49

Volume

Answer 49

Amount of space occupied by an object

Question 50

Weight

Answer 50

Force that gravity exerts on an object