Chapter 1: Essential Concepts

Question 1

Matter is…

Answer 1

anything that occupies space.

Question 2

Mass is the…

Answer 2

quantity of matter described energy equivalence.

Question 3

Weight is the force…

Answer 3

exerted on body caused by GRAVITY.

Question 4

Energy is the…

Answer 4

ability to do work.

Question 5

Potential Energy

Answer 5

ability to do work depending on position. (guillotine)

Question 6

Kinetic Energy…

Answer 6

energy of motion.

Question 7

Chemical Energy…

Answer 7

energy released during chemical rxn.

Question 8

Electrical Energy…

Answer 8

done when e- moves through electric potential difference.

Question 9

Thermal Energy…

Answer 9

heat. (energy of motion at molecular level)

Question 10

Nuclear Energy…

Answer 10

contained within nucleus.

Question 11

Electromagnetic Energy…

Answer 11

energy reflected/emitted from objects either in electrical or magnetic waves. (usually called radiation!)

Question 12

Radiation

Answer 12

transfer of energy

Question 13

Irradiated

Answer 13

Exposed

Question 14

Ionizing Radiation

Answer 14

radiation capable of removing electron.

Question 15

Ion pair

Answer 15

orbital electron and atom from which it was removed.

Question 16

3 forms of ionizing radiation:

Answer 16

Xrays, Gamma Rays, UV radiation.

Question 17

milliSieverts (mSv) expresses…

Answer 17

radiation exposure.

Question 18

The natural environment gives off how many mSv annually?

Answer 18

3 mSv

Question 19

Manmade average annual dose given is…

Answer 19

3.2 mSv

Question 20

4 types of naturally occurring radiation:

Answer 20

Cosmic Rays, Terrestrial Radiation, Radionuclides, and Radon

Question 21

Cosmic rays varies with…

Answer 21

altitude and latitude.

Question 22

Terrestrial radiation comes from deposits of…

Answer 22

Uranium and Thorium and depends of geologic area.

Question 23

What is the largest sources of natural ionizing radiation?

Answer 23

Radon

Question 24

When uranium decays, what is produced?

Answer 24

Radioactive gas.

Question 25

Radon emits what?

Answer 25

Alpha particles which only penetrate lungs.

Question 26

What type of tube was Roentgen using during his discovery?

Answer 26

Crooke's Tube

Question 27

Why did xraying back in the day take so long?

Answer 27

Electrical power was so low so lower voltage and milliamps.

Question 28

Name 4 types of improvements to Xray

Answer 28

Intensifying screens, Double emulsion, Collimation, and Filtration

Question 29

When was the Snook Transformer invented?

Answer 29

1907

Question 30

When was the Coolidge tube invented?

Answer 30

1913, now a vacuum tube compared to gas filled before.

Question 31

When and to whom was the first death recorded?

Answer 31

1904, Clarence Dally who assisted Thomas Edison.

Question 32

Early reports of radiation injuries included...

Answer 32

skin damage, lost of hair, and anemia. Later leukemia was found to be linked.

Question 33

Filtration...

Answer 33

filters low energy xrays which aren't diagnostic.

Question 34

Collimation...

Answer 34

reduces size of xray beam.

Question 35

Intensifying Screens...

Answer 35

create light from xrays reducing amount of radiation necessary. (film)

Question 36

Protective Apparrel

Answer 36

Lead aprons, Thyroid shields, gloves, and Gonadal shielding

Question 37

Protective Barrier...

Answer 37

Lead wall tech stands behind.

Question 38

Example of MAGNITUDE and UNIT. 3 feet

Answer 38

Magnitude is 3. Feet is the unit.

Question 39

Velocity=

Answer 39

V= d/t

Question 40

Acceleration=

Answer 40

a= (v2-v1)/t

Question 41

Law of Inertia (Newtons first law)

Answer 41

Body will remain at rest or will continue to move with constant velocity in straight line unless acted on by external force, for example friction.

Question 42

Force= (Newtons second law)

Answer 42

F= ma

Question 43

Action/Reaction (Newtons third law)

Answer 43

For every action, there is an equal and oppisote reaction.

Question 44

Momentum=

Answer 44

p= mv

Question 45

Work=

Answer 45

W= Fd (joules)

Question 46

Power=

Answer 46

P= Work/t or P= Fd/t (watts)

Question 47

Unit for heat...

Answer 47

Calorie

Question 48

Conduction...

Answer 48

transfer by touch.

Question 49

Convection...

Answer 49

transfer in gas/liquid

Question 50

Thermal Radiation

Answer 50

transfer by emission of infrared radiation.

Question 51

What is needed for satisfactory imaging in xray tube?

Answer 51

High voltage and an electric current. (kVp and mAs)

Question 52

1948 Coltman develops first

Answer 52

flouroscopic intensifier, now magnifier is not needed!

Question 53

In mAs, seconds are based on...

Answer 53

vibration of atoms of cesium.

Question 54

Speed of light=

Answer 54

c= 3 x 10^8 m/s

Question 55

1 lb=

Answer 55

4.5 N

Question 56

Air Kerma (Gy)

Answer 56

SI unit of radiation absorbed dose.

Question 57

Sievert (Si)

Answer 57

Unit of occupational radiation exposure and effective dose.

Question 58

Becquerel (Bq)

Answer 58

Unit of radioactivity.