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Radiographic Physics > Chapter 1: Essential Concepts > Flashcards

Chapter 1: Essential Concepts Flashcards

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1
Q

Matter is…

A

anything that occupies space.

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2
Q

Mass is the…

A

quantity of matter described energy equivalence.

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3
Q

Weight is the force…

A

exerted on body caused by GRAVITY.

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4
Q

Energy is the…

A

ability to do work.

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5
Q

Potential Energy

A

ability to do work depending on position. (guillotine)

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6
Q

Kinetic Energy…

A

energy of motion.

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7
Q

Chemical Energy…

A

energy released during chemical rxn.

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8
Q

Electrical Energy…

A

done when e- moves through electric potential difference.

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9
Q

Thermal Energy…

A

heat. (energy of motion at molecular level)

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10
Q

Nuclear Energy…

A

contained within nucleus.

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11
Q

Electromagnetic Energy…

A

energy reflected/emitted from objects either in electrical or magnetic waves. (usually called radiation!)

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12
Q

Radiation

A

transfer of energy

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13
Q

Irradiated

A

Exposed

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14
Q

Ionizing Radiation

A

radiation capable of removing electron.

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15
Q

Ion pair

A

orbital electron and atom from which it was removed.

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16
Q

3 forms of ionizing radiation:

A

Xrays, Gamma Rays, UV radiation.

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17
Q

milliSieverts (mSv) expresses…

A

radiation exposure.

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18
Q

The natural environment gives off how many mSv annually?

A

3 mSv

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19
Q

Manmade average annual dose given is…

A

3.2 mSv

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20
Q

4 types of naturally occurring radiation:

A

Cosmic Rays, Terrestrial Radiation, Radionuclides, and Radon

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21
Q

Cosmic rays varies with…

A

altitude and latitude.

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22
Q

Terrestrial radiation comes from deposits of…

A

Uranium and Thorium and depends of geologic area.

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23
Q

What is the largest sources of natural ionizing radiation?

A

Radon

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24
Q

When uranium decays, what is produced?

A

Radioactive gas.

25
Q

Radon emits what?

A

Alpha particles which only penetrate lungs.

26
Q

What type of tube was Roentgen using during his discovery?

A

Crooke’s Tube

27
Q

Why did xraying back in the day take so long?

A

Electrical power was so low so lower voltage and milliamps.

28
Q

Name 4 types of improvements to Xray

A

Intensifying screens, Double emulsion, Collimation, and Filtration

29
Q

When was the Snook Transformer invented?

A

1907

30
Q

When was the Coolidge tube invented?

A

1913, now a vacuum tube compared to gas filled before.

31
Q

When and to whom was the first death recorded?

A

1904, Clarence Dally who assisted Thomas Edison.

32
Q

Early reports of radiation injuries included…

A

skin damage, lost of hair, and anemia. Later leukemia was found to be linked.

33
Q

Filtration…

A

filters low energy xrays which aren’t diagnostic.

34
Q

Collimation…

A

reduces size of xray beam.

35
Q

Intensifying Screens…

A

create light from xrays reducing amount of radiation necessary. (film)

36
Q

Protective Apparrel

A

Lead aprons, Thyroid shields, gloves, and Gonadal shielding

37
Q

Protective Barrier…

A

Lead wall tech stands behind.

38
Q

Example of MAGNITUDE and UNIT. 3 feet

A

Magnitude is 3. Feet is the unit.

39
Q

Velocity=

A

V= d/t

40
Q

Acceleration=

A

a= (v2-v1)/t

41
Q

Law of Inertia (Newtons first law)

A

Body will remain at rest or will continue to move with constant velocity in straight line unless acted on by external force, for example friction.

42
Q

Force= (Newtons second law)

A

F= ma

43
Q

Action/Reaction (Newtons third law)

A

For every action, there is an equal and oppisote reaction.

44
Q

Momentum=

A

p= mv

45
Q

Work=

A

W= Fd (joules)

46
Q

Power=

A

P= Work/t or P= Fd/t (watts)

47
Q

Unit for heat…

A

Calorie

48
Q

Conduction…

A

transfer by touch.

49
Q

Convection…

A

transfer in gas/liquid

50
Q

Thermal Radiation

A

transfer by emission of infrared radiation.

51
Q

What is needed for satisfactory imaging in xray tube?

A

High voltage and an electric current. (kVp and mAs)

52
Q

1948 Coltman develops first

A

flouroscopic intensifier, now magnifier is not needed!

53
Q

In mAs, seconds are based on…

A

vibration of atoms of cesium.

54
Q

Speed of light=

A

c= 3 x 10^8 m/s

55
Q

1 lb=

A

4.5 N

56
Q

Air Kerma (Gy)

A

SI unit of radiation absorbed dose.

57
Q

Sievert (Si)

A

Unit of occupational radiation exposure and effective dose.

58
Q

Becquerel (Bq)

A

Unit of radioactivity.

Radiographic Physics (1 decks)

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