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Organ Histology > Chapter 1 Epithelium and Epithelial Glands > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Epithelium and Epithelial Glands Flashcards

1
Q

Name 3 general functions of epithelium

A

Absorption
Secretion
Provide a barrier

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2
Q

Name 3 specialized functions of epithelium

A

Transport molecules across epi
Selective permeability
Sensory

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3
Q

Prevent transport of materials across epithelium

A

Selective permeability

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4
Q

A complete basement membrane has what two parts?

A

Basal lamina

Reticular lamina

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5
Q

In the basement membrane, this is made by epithelial cells

A

Basal lamina

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6
Q

In the basement membrane, this is made by fibroblasts in connective tissue

A

Reticular lamina

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7
Q

What is a partial basal membrane?

A

Basal lamina only

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8
Q

Epithelium is avascular, so how does it obtain nutrition?

A

By diffusion

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8
Q

List four types of cell junctions

A

Zonula Occludens
Zonula Adherens
Macula Adherens
Gap Junctions

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9
Q

This is a tight junction

A

Zonula Occludens

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9
Q

This is an adhesion belt

A

Zonula adherens

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10
Q

This is desmosomes

A

Macula adherens

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11
Q

What two components make up the macula adherens?

A

Tonofilaments

Protein plaque

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11
Q

This contains 6 proteins in a cylinder with a lumen

A

Gap junctions

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12
Q

Which cell junction functions in weak attachment?

A

Zonula adherns

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13
Q

For the junctional complex, list the order starting at the free surface

A

Zona occludens
Zona adherens
Macula adherens

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14
Q

List two types of epithelium

A

Simple and stratified

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15
Q

Epithelium that is a single cell thick

A

Simple epithelium

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16
Q

What are the three cell types in ciliated pseudo stratified epithelium?

A

Ciliated columnar
Goblet cells
Basal cells

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17
Q

These cells function as a stem cell

A

Basal cells

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18
Q

These cells function to move mucus

A

Ciliated columnar cells

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19
Q

These cells function to produce mucus

A

Goblet cells

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19
Q

List four surface specializations

A

Microvilli
Stereocilia
Cilia
Glycocalyx

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19
Q

These are known as brushborder or striated border

A

Microvilli

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19
Q

This is finger-like projections at the apical surface on some epithelial cells

A

Microvilli

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19
Q

These are extremely long microvilli not related to true cilia

A

Stereocilia

20
Q

Thin apical hair-like extensions of the cytoskeleton

A

Cilia

21
Q

Describe two features of cells with cilia

A

High # of mitochondria within cells for energy

Basal bodies block the surface so no absorption or secretion happens

28
Q

Surface layer of glycoproteins and carbohydrates that covers some epithelium

A

Glycocalyx

29
Q

Glycocalyx is produces by what?

A

Epithelial cells

30
Q

When cell nuclei line up requiring energy

A

Polarization

31
Q

Epithelium that is two or more cell layers thick

A

Stratified epithelium

32
Q

What is the common function of stratified epithelium?

A

Protective function

33
Q

This is the mitotic layer of skin

A

Stratum basale

34
Q

This layer has spiny shaped keratinocytes

A

Stratum spinosum

35
Q

This layer is present only in thick skin

A

Stratum lucidum

36
Q

What layer are melanocytes found in?

A

Stratum basale

37
Q

What layer are Langerhans cells found in?

A

Stratum spinosum

38
Q

What layer are Merkel cells found in?

A

Stratum basale

39
Q

This stratified epithelium is very rare

A

Stratified columnar

40
Q

Patchy skin lesions that have an accelerated keratinocyte life cycle

A

Psoriasis vulgaris

41
Q

Spots with extra pigment

A

Freckles

42
Q

Patches which lack melanocytes

A

Vitiligo

43
Q

Discoloration due to a proliferation of melanocytes

A

Moles (naevi)

44
Q

Melanocytes become mitotically active and invade dermis

A

Malignant melanoma

45
Q

Method of secretion by which the product is released into a duct or directly onto an epithelial surface

A

Exocrine secretion

46
Q

Component dealing with primary function, for example, skeletal muscle fibers of the biceps

A

Parenchyma

47
Q

Structural component, for example, blood vessels of the biceps

A

Stroma

48
Q

What are the three methods of classifying exocrine secretion?

A

Morphology
Method of secretion
Products secreted

49
Q

This method classifies the gland according to the shape of the secretory units and the ducts arrangement

A

Morphology

50
Q

Secretory units

A

Tubular vs Acinar

51
Q

Duct arrangement

A

Unbranched vs Branched

52
Q

What are the three methods of secretion?

A

Merocrine
Holocrine
Apocrine

53
Q

The most common method of secretion that releases vacuole contents only

A

Merocrine

54
Q

Another name for merocrine

A

Eccrine

55
Q

Secretes entire cell and intact vacuoles. Odor is present

A

Holocrine

56
Q

Secretes intact vacuoles, cytoplasm, and membranes. Attracts bacteria and odor is present

A

Apocrine

57
Q

Smallest division of a gland; a group of cells surrounding a cavity

A

Acinus

58
Q

A small group of serous cells attached to a mucus acinus

A

Serous demilune

59
Q

Cells with epithelial origin that are contractile

A

Myoepithelial cells

60
Q

What do serous glands produce?

A

Proteins

61
Q

This gland stains light and has flat, peripheral nuclei

A

Mucus glands

62
Q

Signaling cell is close to target cell so the hormone does not enter the blood

A

Paracrine secretion

63
Q

Signaling cell is its own target

A

Autocrine secretion

Organ Histology (2 decks)

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