Chapter 1: Electrocardiography Flashcards
Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)
Disease-related the heart, blood vessels, veins, and arteries.
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
The narrowing of blood vessels surrounding the heart causes a reduction in blood flow.
Electrocardiogram (ECG)
Actual test , tracing electrical current in heart
Electrocardiograph
Records the ECG, an instrument to record the electroactivity of the heart.
Myocardial infarction (MI, Heart Attack)
Damage to the heart cause by a lack of oxygen due to a blockage of one or more of the coronary arteries.
What is the number 1 cause of death in the U.S.?
Cardiovascular disease
What are the STATS of CAD and what are some examples?
-Affects 1 in 3 Americans
-Hypertension and MI
Who is William Einthoven?
The inventor of the 1st ECG.
Automatic External Defibrillator (AED)
A lightweight machine that recognizes a rhythm and determines if the pt. needs to be shocked.
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
Practice giving breaths and chest compression to a person who doesn’t breathe or have a heartbeat.
Code Blue
Name that lets healthcare people know that pt. is unresponsive.
Defibrillator
A machine that produces an electrical shock to the heart in an attempt to correct the pattern of the heart.
Dysrhythmia
Abnormal heartbeat
ECG monitor technician
A person who has the technical knowledge and the skills to view and evaluate the electrical tracing of pt. heart and alert healthcare professionals of abnormalities.
ECG technician
A person who has the technical knowledge and skills to record an ECG and prepare it for the technician.
Healthcare providers
A doctor or any medical personnel who is licensed by an individual state to administer healthcare.
STAT
ASAP, immediately
Telemedicine
Monitoring system in which the tracing can be communicated to a pt. outside a medical facility to the doctor via telephone or digital system.
What are baseline tracings and how do healthcare providers go about it?
-They help diagnose future abnormalities
-Providers around 40 and older need to get an ECG annually (1st one in the baseline)
12 lead ECG
Routine happens before surgery.
CCU
Cardiac Care Unit
SICU
Surgical Intensive Care Unit
CICU
Cardiac Intensive Care Unit
ED
Emergency Department
Telemetry
Monitoring that allows pt. to move around while the doctor can still see vital signs.
What can be detected in a 12-lead ECG?
-Heart rate/ rhythm disorders
-Other cardiac disorders
-Electrolight imbalances
-Certain drug toxicities
-Metabolic disorders
-Congenital heart disease
Treadmill stress testing
go on the treadmill and increase speed while monitoring their heart.
Holter monitoring
Monitors pt. while they do daily activities and pt. writes done everything they do.
How are ECGs handled outside the medical facilities?
A portable ECG machine is used at the site of emergency and the tracings are transmitted to a physician or assessed by emergency personnel
When do you use an AED?
-Sudden cardiac arrest
-Serious dysrhythmias
-May suggest CPR
Trantelephonic monitoring
Medical care transmitted through a phone
Digital Monitoring
When ECG data to be record with computer then transmitted over the internet to healthcare facility.
Continuous Monitoring
Records the ECG tracing constantly
Symptom-based Monitoring
Records only when activated by the pt. (faster but not much info)
Ethics
Standards of behavior and concepts of right and worry, are based on moral values that are formed through the influence of family, culture, and society.
Law
a rule of conduct that is enforced by a controlling authority such as the government.
Libel
Writing defamatory words about someone is both illegal and unethical.
Medical professional liability
A healthcare professional is legally responsible for their performance.
Slander
Making derogatory remarks or speaking defamatory words about someone is both illegal and unethical.
When was HIPPA created?
1996
What does HIPPA do?
-Pt. information cannot be shared among healthcare professionals unless it is necessary for the patient’s treatment.
-National standards for electronic healthcare transactions
-Limits and secures the use of electronic pt. data
-Helps ensure pt. privacy
Code of ethics
Standard of behavior or conduct as defined by a professional group or employer (Both?)
What are healthcare providers accountable for?
-Performing unlawful
-Performing legal acts improperly
-Failing to perform an act when necessary
-Both slander and libel are illegal and unethical
What is apart of a patient record?
-Medical record can be used in court
-Complete documentation provides legal protection
What things do you compare to chart to verify pt.?
Name, Check ID band, address, DOB and why they are there.
How can you reduce patient fears?
-Explain the procedure clearly
-Answer questions
-Use simple terms
-Speak Slowly
How do u get consent from a person who cant read or write?
Explain the procedure with a witness there, then have the patient place a X on the form then have the witness sign the form.
Body Mechanics
Use movements that maintain proper posture and avoid muscle and bone injuries.
What should you do when moving?
-Maintain wide based of support
-Avoid twisting
-Always protect yourback
-Maintain proper body alignment
-Use your leg muscles for lifting
-Get assistance if needed
Ausculated Blood Pressure
Listening to blood flow
Cardiac Output
Amount of blood the heart pumps per minute
Diastolic Blood Pressure
Blood pressure measured when the heart relaxes the minimum amount of pressure exterted against the vessels walls at all times.
Hypertension
High BP
Hypotension
Lower than normal BP, lack of blood flow to the organs.
Systolic BP
BP measured when the left ventricle of the heart contracts.
Vital signs
Temp, pulse respirations, bp, pain assesment also called signs of life.
What is pulse and what is counted for?
-Indirect measurement of cardiac output
-Give Rate, Rhythm, Volume
What is respirations and what is counted for?
-Rate indicates oxygen supply to tissues
-Gives rate, rhythm, effort, and irregularites
What interal factor affect BP?
-Cardiac output
-Blood volume
-Vasoconstriction
-Blood viscocity (thickness)
Palpatory BP
Estimated pt. systolic pressure and is used to find target peak cuff inflation.
