Chapter 1 - Domain 1 Network Technologies Flashcards
What are the two sub-layers in Layer 2 - Data Link?
page 7
- Logical Link Control (LLC) - provides the general path to present the communication to the next layer
- Media Access Control (MAC) - examines the physical addresses presented to it.
What are packets and how are they defined in the OSI Layers?
page 11 A fundamental unit of information exchange in a computer network. * Application Data * Presentation Data * Session Data * Transport Datagram * Network Packet * Data Link Frame * Physical Bit
What are Frames?
page 11
A packet that has been encoded for transmission over a particular link.
What is EUI-64?
page 11
Extended Unique Identifier
Addresses that are are in use in many organizations today, provide an address space that for surpass that of the current MAC-48.
What is a Bridge?
page 15
A Legacy device that is similar to a switch in that it can provide some intelligence to segment a network.
* Transparent, can connect two dissimilar networks but it is “invisible” to both networks & does not provide translation of any kind.
* Translational, actually performs a translation between two dissimilar networks.
How Many bits does the MAC Address have and what is its structure?
page 21 48 Bits * 1st bit = Broadcast * 2nd bit = Local or Remote * 22 bits - OUI organizational unique identifier * 24 bits = Vendor assigned
What formula do you use to determine how many hosts you need given the number of subnets?
page 23
2^s
What does an APIPA address begin with?
page 27
169.254.0.0
What is OSPF?
page 28 Open Shortest Path First * Algorithm developed by Dijkstra * Quiet on the network * When tables need to be changed to control network traffic, happens very fast.
What is RIP
page 28 Routing Information Protocol * one of the 1st routing protocols * now is obsolete, was "chatty" * replaced by OSPF & IS-IS * used a "hop count" metric
What is EIGRP?
page 28
Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol
* Cisco proprietary protocol that combines the ease of configuration of distance vector routing protocols, such as RIP or RIPv2.
* Link State Attributes
What is EIGRP a hybrid routing protocol?
page 29
It is actually a Distance Vector routing protocol that works like a Link State routing protocol.
What are the different Routing Metrics?
page 30
* Hop Counts - limited intelligence, one hop is equal to any other, regardless of Bandwidth [RAP, RIPv2]
* MTU - Max Transmission Unit, legacy metric uses bandwidth & delay metrics [EIGRP]
* Costs - cost calculated by 10^8/BW (bps) [OSPF]
Latency - similar to delay
What is Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) & what are its successors?
page 31
* Original STP defined by IEEE as 802.1D
* Prevents logical loops from occurring while still maintaining physical redundancy
* Provides multiple viable paths for data fault tolerance & Load Balancing w/o creating loops
RSTP = Rapid STP
MSTP = Multiple STP
PVSTP = Per-Vlan STP
What is TCP’s 3-way handshake?
page 41
- TCP sends a short message called a SYN to a target Host.
- The target host opens a connection for the request & sends back an acknowledgement message called a SYNACK.
- The host that originated the request sends back another acknowledgement called ACK, confirming that it has received the SYNACK message & that the sessions is ready to be used to transfer data.
Why is UDP known as the connectionless protocol?
page 41
Already know as a “fire & forget” protocol UDP protocol because it assumes that the data sent will reach its destination & does not require acknowledgement.
What is TFTP?
page 42
Trivial File Transfer Protocol
* Similar to FTP
* TFTP requires you to know the exact name of the file you want to transfer & the exact location where to fine the file.
* Uses connectionless UDP protocol
* Often used for simple downloads, such as transferring firmware to a network device.
What is ARP?
page 43
Address Resolution Protocol
* Works at the Network Layer
* Used to resolve IP addresses to MAC address
What is SIP?
page 44
Session Initiation Protocol
* Primarily responsible for setting up & an tearing down voice & video calls over the Internet.
* It also enables IP telephony networks to utilize advanced call features.
What is NTP?
page 45
Network Time Protocol
* Works at the Application Layer
* Synchronizes time between computer in a network
What is SNMP (2/3)?
page 46
- SNMPv2 - provides more user-friendly input & output option for data
- SNMPv3 - adds security measures for messages integrity, authentication & encryption
- enhancements of SNMPv3 have made the privous two versions obsolete
What are the different types of records used by DNS servers?
page 47
A record - Address (A) records are used to resolve a simple hostname to an IPv4 address
MX - Mail Exchange records specify the mail server responsible for a network & how mail should be routed.
AAAA - Is equivalent of an A record, specifically for IPv6
CNAME - Canonical Name, are aliases to other records
PTR - Pointer record retrieves a resolution for a server or host.
What is the troubleshooting methodology for network?
page 49
- identify the problem
- establish a theory of probable cause
- test the theory to determine causes
- establish a plan of action to resolve the problem & identify potential effects
- verify full system functionality & if applicable implement preventative measures
What are the Virtual Network Components/
page 52
- Virtual switches
- Virtual desktops
- Virtual servers
- Virtual PBX
- Onsite vs Offsite
- Network as a Service (NaaS)
