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Science - Year 10 > Chapter 1- DNA And Genetics > Flashcards

Chapter 1- DNA And Genetics Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What does DNA stand for ?

A

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

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2
Q

What does DNA do ?

A

It determines most living things characteristics and it contributes to the diversity of living things

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3
Q

Is DNA a element or compound

A

Complex compound

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4
Q

DNA is made up of molecules called…

A

Nucleotides

* building blocks of DNA

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5
Q

Nucleotides three main parts

A
  • phosphate group
  • deoxyRibose Sugar
  • 1 of 4 nitrogen-rich bases
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6
Q

Nucleotides are organised in way that makes DNA a double ….

A

Helix

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7
Q

Uprights of the ladder is made up of

A

alternating phosphate and deoxyribose sugar

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8
Q

What forms the rungs of the ladder

A

The bases

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9
Q

What are the four bases

A

Adenine , Thymine , Guanine and cytosine

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10
Q

The bases can only be paired up one way , what is this ???

Their are two types of rungs

A

Adenine - thymine
Cytosine - guanine

^ the two types of rungs

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11
Q

Define complementary base pairs

A

A characteristic that means the same pair must always be paired together

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12
Q

What are chromosomes

A

Long , thin , threadlike structures found in the nucleus of cells. They composed of proteins and DNA
*contains the genetic information in form of genes

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13
Q

How many chromosomes does the major of human body cells contain

A

46 chromosomes ( in 23 pairs )

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14
Q

How many chromosomes does the egg/sperm cells in the human body contain

A

23 (1 of each pair )

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15
Q

How many chromosomes does the red blood cells contain

A

None cause they have no nucleus

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16
Q

Do all other organisms have the same or different number of chromosomes pairs in cells

A

Different

17
Q

The different between one gene to the next is ?

A

~order of bases along a DNA strand

~Length of the DNA strand

18
Q

What is DNA Replication

A

When cells divide for growth or repair , the DNA inside is reproduced exactly

19
Q

The relationship between DNA , chromosomes and genes

A

Chromosomes are made up of DNA and protein and sections of DNA are called genes. The genes can contain over 1000 genes in each chromosome

20
Q

What is a gamete , and examples

A

Is a reproductive cell

Examples : sperm , egg , pollen , ovule

21
Q

What are alleles ?

And what type of alleles can u have

A

Different forms of the same gene

Dominate allele
Recessive allele

22
Q

4 scientists who contributed to our understanding of DNA

A

Francis Crick
James Watson
Rosalind Franklin
Maurice Wilkins

23
Q

Autosomes

A

All the chromosomes in a cell another than the sex chromosomes

24
Q

Sex chromosomes

A

Chromosome that determine the sex of an individual

25
Q

XX

A

Female

26
Q

XY

A

Males

27
Q

Diploid number

Haploid number

A

The number of chromosomes in body cell

The number of chromosomes in a gamete

28
Q

Homologous pair

A

Chromosomes that have The same gene for a certain characteristic at the same location

29
Q

Genotype

A

Genetic info carried

30
Q

Phenotype

A

It is the observable characteristic and is the way the genotype is expressed

31
Q

Heterozygous

A

2 differs allies on a homologous chromosomes

32
Q

Homozygous

A

2 of the identical, alleles on a homologous chromosomes

33
Q

Pure breeding

A

All the individual have the same genetic information for a characteristic

34
Q

Meiosis

Examples

A

Cell division that produces gamete with half the no number of chromosomes of each parent cell

Eggs and sperm

35
Q

Mitosis

A

Cell division of two daughter cells identical to the parent cell

Growth and repair

36
Q

What does Proteins

Examples

A

Control many function or characteristic in the body

Example builds up your cells and tissues

Science - Year 10 (3 decks)

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