Chapter 1- DNA And Genetics Flashcards
What does DNA stand for ?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
What does DNA do ?
It determines most living things characteristics and it contributes to the diversity of living things
Is DNA a element or compound
Complex compound
DNA is made up of molecules called…
Nucleotides
* building blocks of DNA
Nucleotides three main parts
- phosphate group
- deoxyRibose Sugar
- 1 of 4 nitrogen-rich bases
Nucleotides are organised in way that makes DNA a double ….
Helix
Uprights of the ladder is made up of
alternating phosphate and deoxyribose sugar
What forms the rungs of the ladder
The bases
What are the four bases
Adenine , Thymine , Guanine and cytosine
The bases can only be paired up one way , what is this ???
Their are two types of rungs
Adenine - thymine
Cytosine - guanine
^ the two types of rungs
Define complementary base pairs
A characteristic that means the same pair must always be paired together
What are chromosomes
Long , thin , threadlike structures found in the nucleus of cells. They composed of proteins and DNA
*contains the genetic information in form of genes
How many chromosomes does the major of human body cells contain
46 chromosomes ( in 23 pairs )
How many chromosomes does the egg/sperm cells in the human body contain
23 (1 of each pair )
How many chromosomes does the red blood cells contain
None cause they have no nucleus
Do all other organisms have the same or different number of chromosomes pairs in cells
Different
The different between one gene to the next is ?
~order of bases along a DNA strand
~Length of the DNA strand
What is DNA Replication
When cells divide for growth or repair , the DNA inside is reproduced exactly
The relationship between DNA , chromosomes and genes
Chromosomes are made up of DNA and protein and sections of DNA are called genes. The genes can contain over 1000 genes in each chromosome
What is a gamete , and examples
Is a reproductive cell
Examples : sperm , egg , pollen , ovule
What are alleles ?
And what type of alleles can u have
Different forms of the same gene
Dominate allele
Recessive allele
4 scientists who contributed to our understanding of DNA
Francis Crick
James Watson
Rosalind Franklin
Maurice Wilkins
Autosomes
All the chromosomes in a cell another than the sex chromosomes
Sex chromosomes
Chromosome that determine the sex of an individual
XX
Female
XY
Males
Diploid number
Haploid number
The number of chromosomes in body cell
The number of chromosomes in a gamete
Homologous pair
Chromosomes that have The same gene for a certain characteristic at the same location
Genotype
Genetic info carried
Phenotype
It is the observable characteristic and is the way the genotype is expressed
Heterozygous
2 differs allies on a homologous chromosomes
Homozygous
2 of the identical, alleles on a homologous chromosomes
Pure breeding
All the individual have the same genetic information for a characteristic
Meiosis
Examples
Cell division that produces gamete with half the no number of chromosomes of each parent cell
Eggs and sperm
Mitosis
Cell division of two daughter cells identical to the parent cell
Growth and repair
What does Proteins
Examples
Control many function or characteristic in the body
Example builds up your cells and tissues
