Chapter 1- Determining Deviance

Question 0

Deviance Specialists vs. Criminologists

Answer 0

deviance specialists study criminal and non criminal forms of deviance, where as criminologists only study the criminal forms

Question 1

Deviance

Answer 1

involves violating the norms that have been accepted in society.  Problem with defining deviance. More subjective nowadays. 
Statistical Rarity
Harm
Societal Reaction
Normative Violation

Question 2

Objective views of deviance

Answer 2

claim that the presence of certain characteristics define deviance

Question 3

Subjective views of deviance

Answer 3

claim that there is no shared observable characteristic that can clearly tell us who or what is deviant, and who or what is normal. Instead someone must tell us who is deviant.

Question 4

Statistical Rarity

Answer 4

definition not often used in academic research, but used in everyday reality. Its hard to define statistical rarity-at what percentage point is something considered rare?

Question 5

Harm

Answer 5

Second factor to the definition of deviance. includes physical harm, emotional harm, social harm (get in the way of the smooth runnings of society), and harm to the way people understand the world and their role in it.

Question 6

Societal Reaction

Answer 6

If the responses of society’s masses are primarily negative, rather than positive, then the person or act being responded to is deviant.

Question 7

Normative Violation

Answer 7

proposed to be the defining characteristic of deviance

Question 8

Absolutist view of norms

Answer 8

a particular behavior or characteristic was percieved as being inherently and universally deviant

Question 9

Folkways

Answer 9

informal norms

Question 10

Mores

Answer 10

foundation of morality in a culture, (prohibitions against incest of homosexuality) if violated, might be considered immoral

Question 11

Consensual view of law

Answer 11

law is perceived as arising out of social consensus and is then equally applied to all, is the only one of the possible views of crime and law

Question 12

Conflict view of law (social power perspective)

Answer 12

law as a tool used by the ruling class to serve its own interests, and believe that the law is more likely to be applied to members of the powerless classes in society

Question 13

Interactionist view of law

Answer 13

society’s powerful define the law at the behest of interest groups, who appeal to those with power n order to rectify a perceived social ill.

Question 14

High consensus deviance and low consensus deviance

Answer 14

different levels of support in the broader society

Question 15

Subjectivism

Answer 15

subjectivists say that we cannot recognize deviance when we see it; we have to be taught, through processes of socialization, that a person, behavior, or characteristic is deviant.

Question 16

Social Constructionism

Answer 16

perspective proposing that social characteristics are creations or artifacts of a particular society at a specific time in history, just as objects are artifacts of that society; consequently a person behaviour or characteristic that is considered deviant in one society may be considered normal in another

Question 17

Levels of social construction

Answer 17

from all encompassing to most specific
Sociocultural
Institutional
Interactional
Individual

Question 18

radical constructionists

Answer 18

the world is characterized by endless relativism, there is no essential reality to the social world at all, that if everything and anything is simply looked at in a certain way that is the way it is

Question 19

types of social constructionism

Answer 19

radical, strict, soft or contextual

Question 20

Deviance Dance

Answer 20

the interactions, negotiations, and debates among groups with different perceptions of whether a behavior or characteristic is deviant and needs to be socially controlled, and if so, how

Question 21

Moral Entrepreneurs

Answer 21

those who manufacture public morality through

1) bringing the problem to public awareness
2) facillitating moral conversion

Question 22

Groups commonly known to be moral euntrepreneurs

Answer 22

Politicians, Scientists, Religious Institutions, media (central battleground), commercial enterprise,

Question 23

Social Typing

Answer 23

three component process that changes the way society treats people who are typed or categorized as deviant.
Description
Evaluation
Prescription

Question 24

Description (social typing)

Answer 24

a label is placed on an individual based on an observed or presumed behavior or characteristic

Question 25

Evaluation (social typing)

Answer 25

where judgement is attached to the individual by virtue of the label that was previously attached or the category that individual was placed under the description component

Question 27

prescription (social typing)

Answer 27

Where processes of social control or regulation emerge, the individual is treated a certain way because of the label and judgement.

Question 28

Brain Mass

Answer 28

men have 4% higher brain mass than women on average

Question 29

Suicide

Answer 29

Women attempt suicide 3x as often as men, but men kill themselves 3x as often as women

Question 30

Women as the weaker sex?

Answer 30

Historically yes, heavy domestic jobs, malnutrition, gynecological issues

Question 31

post partum depression

Answer 31

affects 1 in 7 women in the year after they give birth. different than post partum psychosis