Chapter 1 definitions

Question 1

The study of life

Answer 1

Biology

Question 2

Also called irritability - organisms respond to changes in their immediate environment

Answer 2

Responsiveness

Question 3

Organisms making long-term changes as they adjust to their environment

Answer 3

Adaptability

Question 4

Organisms increase in size through the growth or addition of cells

Answer 4

Growth

Question 5

The simplest units of life

Answer 5

Cells

Question 6

Organisms reproduce, creating new generations of the same kind of organisms

Answer 6

Reproduction

Question 7

Organisms exhibit movement. The movement may be internal (transporting food, blood, or other materials within the body) or external (moving through the environment)

Answer 7

Movement

Question 8

Organisms rely on complex chemical reactions to provide the energy required for responsiveness, growth, reproduction, and movement. It refers to all the chemical operations in the body

Answer 8

Metabolisms

Question 9

Also known as Macroscopic anatomy, considers features visible with the unaided eye

Answer 9

Gross Anatomy

Question 10

The study of general form and superficial markings

Answer 10

Surface Anatomy

Question 11

The study of all the superficial and internal features in a specific region of the body, such as the head, neck, or trunk.

Answer 11

Regional Anatomy

Question 12

The study of the structure of major organ systems, which are groups of organs that work together in a coordinated manner

Answer 12

Systemic Anatomy

Question 13

Concerns structures that we cannot see without magnification

Answer 13

Microscopic Anatomy

Question 14

Analyzes the internal structure of individual cells

Answer 14

Cytology

Question 15

Examines tissues

Answer 15

Histology

Question 16

The study of the functions of living cells

Answer 16

Cell Physiology

Question 17

The study of the physiology of specific organs

Answer 17

Special Physiology

Question 18

Considers all aspects of the function of specific organ systems

Answer 18

Systemic Physiology

Question 19

The study of the effects of diseases on organ or system functions

Answer 19

Pathology

Question 20

Refers to a stable internal environment

Answer 20

Homeostasis

Question 21

Refers to the adjustments in physiological systems that preserve homeostasis

Answer 21

Homeostatic Regulation

Question 22

A cell or organ that is sensitive to a particular environmental change or stimulus

Answer 22

Receptor

Question 23

Receives and processes information from the receptor

Answer 23

Control Center

Question 24

A cell or organ that responds to the commands of the control center and whose activity opposes or enhances the stimulus

Answer 24

Effector

Question 25

A variation outside normal limits triggers an automatic response that corrects the situation

Answer 25

Negative Feedback

Question 26

An initial stimulus produces a response that reinforces that stimulus

Answer 26

Positive Feedback

Question 27

A person lying down in the anatomical position when facing up

Answer 27

Supine

Question 28

A person lying down in the anatomical position when facing down

Answer 28

Prone