Chapter 1 Definitions

Question 1

is the process of exchanging information
through a speakers ideas, thoughts, feelings, needs, or desires

Answer 1

Communications

Question 2

Involves the acquisition and use of
morphology, phonology, syntax and semantics.

Answer 2

Linguistic competence

Question 3

in what way words and smaller units can be
combined to form other words (go+ing=going)

Answer 3

Morphology

Question 4

In what way sounds are combined to form words:
(c+a +t=cat)

Answer 4

Phonology

Question 5

the word combinations used to express meaning in
sentence structures. (I+ see + a + bird)

Answer 5

Syntax

Question 6

In what way words correspond to things and events
in the word. (It’s raining), how language reflects a speaker’s
intent ( I want to tell you a story), or feelings (I’m feeling good
today).

Answer 6

Semantics

Question 7

the ability to understand others. It is
understanding spoken language, also referred to as Auditory
Comprehension. It is the ability to understand language:
meanings, sentences, stories and conversation, concepts(color,
size, emotion and time) and directions.

Answer 7

Respective Language

Question 8

the ability to express and share
thoughts, ideas and feelings. It is the ability to convey meaning
and thoughts through the production of words and sentences,
retelling of events and stories and engaging in conversation.

Answer 8

Expressive Language

Question 9

they accompany spoken language, help the
listener better understand a speaker’s meaning.

Answer 9

Paralinguistic cues

Question 10

Speech is the verbal means of communicating through articulation.

Answer 10

Speech and Articulation

Question 11

Articulation is the production of speech sounds by movement of the
lips, tongue, and soft palate (velum).

Answer 11

Articulation

Question 12

vocal folds vibrate to produce
phonation or voice

Answer 12

Articulation

Question 13

sound produced by the vibration of the vocal folds

Answer 13

Phonation

Question 14

the smallest units of sound that create a difference in
meaning.

Answer 14

Phonemes

Question 15

is the part of language that is concerned with the
combination of speech sounds for word formation

Answer 15

Phonology

Question 16

defined as the means for human communication
through the use of spoken words, written symbols, or sign
language.Language is a shared code that represents
concepts through the use of arbitrary symbols. W

Answer 16

Language

Question 17

is also used to describe the nature of language: it describes
the speaker’s ability to generate many types of sentences. I.e. new
sentences produced by children when they don’t have the word they need

Answer 17

Generative

Question 18

is the description of a language with respect to its
components: which are form, content and use.

Answer 18

Grammar

Question 19

(Syntax, Morphology and Phonology)

Answer 19

Form

Question 20

is the component of language that involves rules for
combining words to form a sentence

Answer 20

Syntax

Question 21

describe an action: eat, sleep, run, etc.

Answer 21

Main Verbs

Question 22

: express mood, (can, could, shall, should, will,
would, do, did, may, might)

Answer 22

Modal Auxiliary Verbs

Question 23

is concerned with the structure of words and the parts
that compose the words.

Answer 23

Morphology

Question 24

are the minimal distinctive units of words that
determine meaning.

Answer 24

Morphemes

Question 25

these have meaning by themselves.

Answer 25

Free Morphemes

Question 26

(-s, -es, -est, -ing)

Answer 26

Inflectional morphemes

Question 27

( -ful, -like, -ly)

Answer 27

Derivational morphemes

Question 28

are conjunctions (and and but), articles (the, an , a) and prepositions ( in, under…) these show the difference between one and several, possession, or to show something that is exceptional (-est).

Answer 28

Grammatical morphemes

Question 29

form the past tense of certain verbs (add -ed) and others require changes in vowels and consonants (eat/ate, throw/threw)

Answer 29

Irregular verbs

Question 30

this is the part of language that determines meaning.

Answer 30

Semantics

Question 31

The appropriate use of language in social interaction along with the rules that govern interaction with others

Answer 31

Pragmatics

Question 32

What rules are defined as the effective and appropriate use of language to accomplish social goals, manage turns and topics in conversation and express appropriate degrees of politeness, awareness of social roles and recognition of others’ conversational needs.

Answer 32

The pragmatic rules

Question 33

labels a speaker’s intent or meaning when she produces a sentence in social interaction.

Answer 33

Speech Acts

Question 34

A method of communication with a strong connection between literacy

Answer 34

Written Language

Question 35

the ability to read and understand written text.

Answer 35

Literacy

Question 36

involves the knowledge and intellectual capacity. It is the mental mechanism that allows a child to achieve cognitive skills.

Answer 36

Cognition

Question 37

: the ability to focus on the essential factors in specific context or task, along with the ability to ignore the distractions.

Answer 37

Attention

Question 38

(short term memory) allows children the ability to store information encountered in a current experience. It is essential for a child to be able to store, internalize and retrieve or remember information. (following commands

Answer 38

Memory

Question 39

definition: the holding of information in the mind, along with the updating of this information when necessary to revise or add new information. (multi step commands)

Answer 39

Working memory

Question 40

a cognitive process that enables a child to recognize and understand social signals. It allows children to interact appropriately with others and see things from others’ points of view.

Answer 40

Social cognition

Question 41

Cognitive abilities used to control and coordinate information for planning, goals, controlling responses (inhibition), shifting, between tasks and keeping information in mind to guide future actions.

Answer 41

Executive Function

Question 42

Cognitive Functions include: Inhibition, initiation, planning, working memory, attention, discrimination, problem solving, verbal reasoning, and theory of mind.

Answer 42

The cognitive functions

Question 43

the conscious or unconscious restraint of a behavior or an impulse to act.

Answer 43

Inhibition

Question 44

the ability to understand facts and concepts or ideas expressed in words and to manipulate this information to solve a problem

Answer 44

Verbal reasoning

Question 45

The ability to understand others’ thoughts, feelings, and ideas

Answer 45

Theory of mind

Question 46

t allows children to appreciate others' mental states. It develops through exposure to conversations that contain mental state verbs: thinks, knows, and believes.

Answer 46

Theory of mind

Question 47

Refers to the mental processes used to plan, monitor and analyze one’s thinking and behaviors. Consists of a child's self knowledge of his language and thought processes. This skill provides children with the skills needed for successful academic progress, such as preparing for class and completing class assignments.

Answer 47

Metacognition ability

Question 48

Involve the ability to think overtly about language, manipulate the structural features of language at the phoneme, word or sentence level; and focus on the language form. It allows children to be aware of the syllables and phonemes in words, rhymes, and ambiguous words. ( cut with knife, cut with sharing profits, cut as moving ahead of someone in line.)

Answer 48

Metalinguistic ability

Question 49

The ability to make inferences about the new experiences, transfer what has been learned across different experiences and identify relevant information when making comparisons.

Answer 49

Verbal reasoning

Question 50

a variation of a particular language that is distinguished by phonology, grammar, or vocabulary. Each dialect spoken is considered a legitimate rule governed language system.

Answer 50

Dialect