Chapter 1: Decline of the Roman Catholic Church Flashcards
Unam Sanctum (Crime of Anagni)
In the bull Unam Sanctum, Boniface VIII stated his claim to papal supremacy
RESISTANCE TO THE WILL OF THE POPE WAS RESISTANCE TO THE WILL OF GOD
After Boniface died, Benedict XI took over, being careful about this
Clericos Leicos
sign of erosion of papal authority
bitter conflict between King Philip IV of France and Pope Boniface VIII
- money to finance his war against England: French clergy should pa taxes
- BONIFACE RESPONDED WITH THE BULL CERICOS LAICOS, prohibiting taxation of the clergy without papal approval
Babylonian Captivity
Benedict XI beame Pope Clement V, residing in Avignon to prevent conflicts with Rome anarchy
They were subject to control by French monarchy
The Great Schism
Pope Gregory XI moved back to Rome. The cardinals reelected Urban VI, but was “fired” and replaced with Clement VII who lived in Avignon.
2 POPES, EACH CLAIMING TO BE THE TRUE VICAR OF CHRIST ON EARTH
The Council of Pisa
500 bishops and churchmen met in Pisa and “fired” Gregory XII and Benedict XIII. They elected a new pope, Alexander V
BUT NEITHER POPE BACKED OUT, RESULTING IN 3 POPES
Council of Constance
ended Great Schism
Pope Martin V was the only 1
During this time, the Church involved in the political and cultures of Renaissance Italy instead of the needed reforms in catholicism, contributing to the Protestant Reformation
Heresy
teaching contrary to the accepted orthodox doctrine
Wycliffe
English
insisted that the Bible was the only source of Christian doctrine
- he translated the Bible into English
- rejected the authority of the papcy and the hierarchy of the church
- denounced wealth and corruption of the clergy
- rejected Eucharist beliefs
Lollard
Wycliffe’s followers under lower classes
Hus
Bohemia
- embraced Wycliffe’s ideas
- His followers (Hussites) represented religious and national revolts
- BURNED AT STAKE
Hussites
Hus’ followers
Hussite Wars
despite Hus’s death, the war between his followers and papl forces continued in Bohemia
What did Wycliffe and Hus foreshadow?
Protestant reformers in 16th century
When was the Black Death?
Mid 14th century
flagellants
Religious fanatics who beat their bodies in the belief that this mortification of the flesh would lead God to intervene on humanity’s behalf
pograms
massacre of Jews
Result of the 100 Years War
England vs France
- English loss of territories in France except port of Calais on English Channel
War of Roses (time)
civil war in England in 1455 lasting 30 years
symbols in the war of Roses
House of Lancaster (red rose) vs. House of York (white rose)
what was generally about the War of Roses?
struggle aong members of nobility and landed gentry
Result of the War of Roses
King Edward IV (Yorkist) seized throne from Lancastrian king Henry VI (murdured in Tower of London)
What happens when King Edward IV dies?
Brother became King Richard III
- his 2 nephews and sons were killed in Tower of London
Challenge between Richard III and Henry Tudor (Lancastrian): time and its effects
2 met in 1485 in the Battle of Bosworth Field, where Richard lost his life; WAR OF ROSES ENDED: Lancastrian victory
French conflicts with the Hapsburgs
King VIII acquired Brittany by marriage, but he wasted the financial resources of French monarch by invading Italy in 1494.
