Chapter 1 Deck

Question 1

What is the difference between an atom and an element?

Answer 1

An atom is the most basic unit of the element. An element is made up of atoms.

Question 2

What are the 4 most common elements in living things?

Answer 2

Oxygen, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, and Carbon

Question 3

What is a trace element? Give two examples and disorders caused by a lack of each element.

Answer 3

A trace element is needed in minute quantities. Lack of Fe(Iron) causes anemia, and lack of Iodine causes thyroid guiters.

Question 4

What are Isotopes? Biological uses?

Answer 4

Isotopes are molecules with an unequal amount of protons to neutrons. They’re used for cancer treatment, radioactive dating fossils, and medical tracers.

Question 5

Why are valence electrons important?

Answer 5

They determine the reactivity and the amount of bonds an atom.

Question 6

How many p, n, e- does an atom of fluorine have?

Answer 6

P-9. N-10. E-9.

Question 7

Describe the difference between polar and non-polar covalent bonds.

Answer 7

Polar bonds are unevenly shared and non-polar bonds are equally sharing.

Question 8

What’s an ionic bond?

Answer 8

The transferring of electrons between 2 atoms.

Question 9

What’s an ion?

Answer 9

A charged particle.

Question 10

Name an example of one Cation and one Anion.

Answer 10

Ca+ and Cl-

Question 11

Write a chemical equation. Label reactants, products, and where a catalyst would go.

Answer 11

Reactants ~(Catalyst)~ Products

Question 12

What is a hydrogen bond?

Answer 12

A bond between hydrogen and an electronegative in another molecule.

Question 13

What is a free radical?

Answer 13

It contains an uneven amount of electrons, and it damages membranes, proteins, and DNA.

Question 14

What is an antioxidant?

Answer 14

Counteracts oxidation (by free radicals) in organisms.

Question 15

Define the term electronegativity and give examples of the three most electronegative atoms.

Answer 15

The tendency to attract electrons. The most electronegative are F, O, and N.

Question 16

What properties arise from water’s shape and bonding ability?

Answer 16

Polarity and surface tension.

Question 17

Define cohesion and adhesion.

Answer 17

Cohesion- Water molecules bonding to each other. Adehesion- Water molecules bonding to other surfaces.

Question 18

What is surface tension?

Answer 18

Film of water droplets on the top of water.

Question 19

How do properties of water help water move up through a tree?

Answer 19

Adhesion lifts water up the xylem and cohesion lifts the water up.

Question 20

Why is water said to act as a heat sink?

Answer 20

It has a high heat capacity.

Question 21

How does sweating cool you off?

Answer 21

Sweat evaporates and leaves the surface cooler.

Question 22

Why does ice float?

Answer 22

It’s less dense due to hydrogen bonds.

Question 23

What do the terms hydrophobic and hydrophilic refer to? Which in general would refer to a polar substance and which would refer to a non-polar substance?

Answer 23

Hydrophobic means it doesn’t dissolve in water. Hydrophilic means it does. Hydrophilic is polar. Hydrophobic is non-polar.

Question 24

What is the difference between an acid and a base?

Answer 24

The pH.