Chapter 1 | Decision To Confess

Question 0

Emotional decisions to confess are related to the subjects ________ and ____________.

Answer 0

Guilt feelings and self-image

Question 1

The suspect who elects to confess makes the decision to do so either _________ or ___________.

Answer 1

Emotionally or rationally

Question 2

Explain “Transactional Analysis”

Answer 2

A branch of psychology which attempts to explain interpersonal relations

Question 3

In Transactional Relationships individuals adopt one of three roles. Name them (3)

Answer 3

Parent, adult, child

Question 4

Transactional Relationships: in the _____________ model, the interrogator takes the role of the parent and the suspect takes the role of the child.

Answer 4

Emotional Model (Transactional Relationships)

Question 5

Name the five fears of confessing during private sector interrogations.

Answer 5

1. Fear if termination or financial repercussion.
2. Fear of arrest or prosecution.
3. Fear of embarrassment.
4. Fear of restitution.
5. Fear of retaliation.

Question 6

Why People Confess: this roadblock to confessing is most common among those with little previous contact with the police.

Answer 6

Fear of arrest or prosecution

Question 7

Decision to confess: this barrier to confess is to protect the suspects self-image

Answer 7

Fear of embarrassment

Question 8

Barrier to confession: Fear of _________: this hurdle can be insurmountable.

Answer 8

Fear of retaliation

Question 9

In our research with convicted felons, they have all said essentially the same thing: if the interrogator _____________ they will at least consider confessing.

Answer 9

Treats them as if they have value

Question 10

Suspect Denials: certainly, the fears of the suspect play a role in the decision to confess, but ___________ is undoubtedly a greater factor.

Answer 10

The way a suspect is approached by the interrogator

Question 11

The interrogator must anticipate what _______ the suspect will use to counter the accusation of wrongdoing.

Answer 11

Actions or behaviours

Question 12

The reason a suspect might deny guilt can be divided into three basic areas: name them (3)

Answer 12

Environment, suspect, interrogator

Question 13

Suspect denials: a reason why a suspect may deny guilt is “environment”. Explain

Answer 13

The timing of the interview, location, room setting, witness selection, and other factors.

Question 14

Suspect denials: a reason why a suspect may deny guilt is “suspect”. Explain

Answer 14

Past experience with the criminal justice system.

Question 15

Suspect denials: a reason why a suspect may deny guilt is “interrogator”. Explain

Answer 15

Word usage, plan of attack and confidence in the suspects guilt

Question 16

Of the three reasons a suspect denies guilt, which one makes the largest contribution to a suspects decision to deny?

Answer 16

Interrogator

Question 17

The interrogator must look at the suspects behaviour in ___________ to be able to understand how the suspect is likely to react when told that his involvement in an illegal act has been uncovered.

Answer 17

All aspects of his daily life

Question 18

The suspects choice of a strategy (to deny) will be based on ____________.

Answer 18

What has been found to be successful in the past

Question 19

On deciding to confess: the identification of the suspects likely response can often be discovered by ____________.

Answer 19

Asking previous interviewers or supervisors how the suspect reacted when disciplined or confronted.

Question 20

Name the four basic parts parts of Interrogation

Answer 20

1. Reduce Resistance
2. Obtain the admission
3. Development of the admission
4. Professional close

Question 21

Four parts of an interrogation: explain reducing resistance

Answer 21

Depending on the style chosen, this could be done with a systematic presentation of evidence, use of emotional appeal, or interrogator persistence.

Question 22

Four parts of an interrogation: explain obtain the admission

Answer 22

This admission is not a confession, but mearly the first admission that confirms the interrogators assertion that the suspect was involved.

Question 23

Four parts of an interrogation: explain developing the admission

Answer 23

The who, what, where, when, how, and why

Question 24

Four parts of an interrogation: explain professional close

Answer 24

The interrogator reduces the suspects oral admission to a permanent form, written or taped, and have it witnessed.

Question 25

Behaviourally, suspects will move through several distinct phases as the interrogator continues his monologue. Name them (3)

Answer 25

Rejection, evaluation, and submission.

Question 26

Behaviourally, suspects will move through several distinct phases as the interrogator continues his monologue. Describe the PHYSICAL characteristics of the rejection phase.

Answer 26

Closed body posture

Question 27

Behaviourally, suspects will move through several distinct phases as the interrogator continues his monologue. Describe the PHYSICAL characteristics of the evaluation phase.

Answer 27

Body will begin to appear more open and the hand will often move to the face in a consideration pose

Question 28

Behaviourally, suspects will move through several distinct phases as the interrogator continues his monologue. Describe the PHYSICAL characteristics of the submission phase.

Answer 28

The subjects body will begin to open and the arms and legs will uncross.

Question 29

The ________ is generally an extension of the rationalization the interrogator was offering to the subject.

Answer 29

The assumption question

Question 30

Another type of assumption question is the _________. This question does not provide the suspect a choice but instead asks about some aspect of the suspects involvement in the crime.

Answer 30

Soft accusation

Question 31

“Did you use the money for bills or was it for drugs?” Is an example of what type of question?

Answer 31

Assumptive question

Question 32

“When was the first time you took money from the company no matter how long ago?” Is an example of what type of question?

Answer 32

Soft accusation

Question 33

What type of question immediately follows a soft accusation?

Answer 33

Follow-up question

Question 34

What type of question comes right before a follow up question?

Answer 34

Soft accusation

Question 35

______________ this is the time to present evidence that clearly contradicts the suspects statement.

Answer 35

The interrogator is faced with an absolute denial from the suspect

Question 36

In general suspects make the decision to confess based on ___________ and __________.

Answer 36

Their own perception of the situation and their personal needs.

Question 37

External factors, the fear of being arrested, threats, or other issues contributed to a confession _____% of the time

Answer 37

20%

Question 38

In a study, _____% of the suspects indicated that they experienced relief after talking and explaining their side of the story.

Answer 38

42%

Question 39

________% of people interviewed wanted to “get it off their chests”.

Answer 39

33%

Question 40

By far, __________ was the strongest factor to encourage a confession.

Answer 40

Proof

Question 41

________% of the suspects interviewed said that they confessed because they believed people could prove their involvement.

Answer 41

52%