Chapter 1 Dates Flashcards
Barbering services first performed in Egypt.
5000 BC
Barbering becomes available to general populace of the Middle East by Moses’ time.
1391-1271 BC
The Biblical prophet Ezekiel writes of a “barber’s razor.”
595 BC
Alexander the Great prohibits the wearing of beards in battle, so shaving gains popularity.
334 BC
According to Pliny, barbering and shaving were introduced to Rome by Ticinius Mena.
296 BC
Being clean shaven is a rule in Rome.
100 BC-100 AD
Barbers practice shaving throughout Europe and assist the physician-clergy until the twelfth century (1100s).
30-325
William, Arch-bishop of Rouen (France), prohibits wearing of beards; barber-surgeons travel and practice throughout Europe.
1096
Council of Tours prohibits clergy to draw blood or act as physicians; barber-surgeons assume medical duties of the clergy, including dentistry.
1163
Worship Company of Barbers guild founded in London, England; two groups formed: barbers who practiced barbering and those who practiced surgery.
1308
English surgeon and barber guilds merge and become the Company of Barber-Surgeons until 1745; barbers restricted to bloodletting, tooth pulling, cauterization, and tonsorial services.
1450
Henry VII of England reunites the barbers and surgeons through an Act of Parliament to set up the Company of Barbers and Surgeons of London.
1540
Surgeons again separate from barbers and form the Company of Surgeons (becomes Royal College of Surgeons in 1800); complete separation of barbers from surgeons enacted by law; barbers keep the barber pole as the sign of their profession.
1745
Wigs in vogue in Europe and worn in the American colonies by the upper classes; barbers add wigmaking and maintenance to tonsorial services.
1750–1850
Disappearance of bloodletting equipment from most doctors’ satchels.
1848
American Civil War (1861 to 1865); beards become popular; barbershops established in towns by English, French, German, and Italian immigrants.
1861–1899
A.B. Moler establishes America’s first barber school in Chicago, Illinois.
1893
Irene Castle, a well-known dancer, popularizes the “bob cut” for American women. Barbers must quickly meet demand.
1915
Associated Master Barbers of America establishes the National Education Council to improve and standardize barbering education.
1925
Flat top, butch cut, crew cut, and Princeton cut become popular hairstyles.
1940–1949
Edmond “Pop” O. Roffler develops the Roffler Sculptur- Kut based on European razor- cutting techniques; still used today.
1959
The Beatles arrive in New York City to appear on The Ed Sullivan Show. Social and cultural influences set the stage for the “long-hair revolution” of the 1960s and beyond.
1964
Some states move away from barber-specific licenses in favor of general cosmetology licensing. Unisex salons pull clients away from barbershops, along with popularity of full-service salons and spas in 1990s.
1980s
Over 50% of barber students reported to be female.
1985
Ed Jeffers establishes Barber Museum in Canal Winchester, Ohio.
1988
Over 50% of barber students reported to be African American.
1995
Resurgence in barbering takes place; new schools open in many states; new barbershops, both independent and franchised, combine traditional skills with an atmosphere geared to the male consumer.
2000s
Recession further drives consumers away from high-end spas and to mid-range barbershops; women make up 30% of barber clientele.
2008
Reemergence of beards on young men and investment in art of male upkeep has barbering booming: number of new barbers up by 10% in two years. Large-scale “barber battle” competitions grow in popularity.
2010s
