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CIS 171 Datebases > Chapter 1 Databases > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Databases Flashcards

1
Q

Define the difference between data and information

A

Data is Raw facts or facts that have not yet been processed to reveal their meaning to the end-user.

Information is The result of processing raw data to reveal its meaning. Information consists of transformed data and facilitates decision-making.

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2
Q

Define ad hoc query

A

A “spur-of-the-moment” question.

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3
Q

Define analytical database

A

A database focused primarily on storing historical data and business metrics used for tactical or strategic decision making.

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4
Q

Define Centralized database

A

A database located at a single site.

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5
Q

Define cloud database

A

A database that is created and maintained using cloud services, such as Microsoft Azure or Amazon AWS.

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6
Q

Define Data

A

Raw facts, or facts that have not yet been processed to reveal their meaning to the end user.

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7
Q

data anomaly

A

A data abnormality in which inconsistent changes have been made to a database. For example, an employee moves, but the address change is not corrected in all files in the database.

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8
Q

Define Data Dependence

A

A data condition in which data representation and manipulation are dependent on the physical data storage characteristics.

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9
Q

Define Data Dictionary

A

DBMS component that stores metadata—data about data. Thus, the data dictionary contains the data definition as well as its characteristics and relationships. A data dictionary may also include data that is external to the DBMS. Also known as an information resource dictionary. See also active data dictionary, metadata, and passive data dictionary.

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10
Q

Define Data inconsistency

A

A condition in which different versions of the same data yield different (inconsistent) results.

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11
Q

Define Data independence

A

A condition in which data access is unaffected by changes in the physical data storage characteristics

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12
Q

Define data integrity

A

In a relational database, a condition in which the data in the database complies with all entity and referential integrity constraints.

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13
Q

Define data management

A

A process that focuses on data collection, storage, and retrieval. Common data management functions include addition, deletion, modification, and listing.

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14
Q 
Define 
data processing (DP) specialist
A

The person responsible for developing and managing a computerized file processing system.

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15
Q

Define Data quality

A

A comprehensive approach to ensuring the accuracy, validity, and timeliness of data.

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16
Q

Define data redundancy

A

Exists when the same data is stored unnecessarily at different places.

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17
Q

Define Data type

A

Defines the kind of values that can be used or stored. Also, used in programming languages and database systems to determine the operations that can be applied to such data.

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18
Q

Define Data warehouse

A

A specialized database that stores historical and aggregated data in a format optimized for decision support. An integrated, subject-oriented, time-variant, nonvolatile collection of data that provides support for decision making.

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19
Q

Define database

A

A shared, integrated computer structure that houses a collection of related data. A database contains two types of data: end-user data (raw facts) and metadata.

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20
Q

Define Data Management System. Give the acronym

A

DBMS

The collection of programs that manages the database structure and controls access to the data stored in the database.

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21
Q

Define database system

A

An organization of components that defines and regulates the collection, storage, management, and use of data in a database environment.

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22
Q

Define Desktop Database

A

A single-user database that runs on a personal computer.

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23
Q

Define a Discipline-specific database

A

A database that contains data focused on specific subject areas.

24
Q

Define a Distributed database

A

A logically related database that is stored in two or more physically independent sites.

25
Q

Define Enterprise Database

A

The overall company data representation, which provides support for present and expected future needs

26
Q

Define Extensible Markup Language. What is the acronym

A

XML

A metalanguage is used to represent and manipulate data elements. Unlike other markup languages, XML permits the manipulation of a document’s data elements. XML facilitates the exchange of structured documents such as orders and invoices over the internet

27
Q

Define single-user dateabase

A

A database that supports only one user at a time

28
Q

Define field

A

A character or group of characters (aliphatic or numeric) that has a specific meaning. A field is used to define and store data

29
Q

Define Semistructures Data

A

Data that has already been processed to some extent

30
Q

Define File

A

A collection of related records. For example, a file might contain data about the students currently at Gigantic University,

31
Q

Define record

A

A logically connected set of one or more fields that describes a person, place, or thing.

32
Q

Define General-purpose databases

A

A database that contains a wide varity of data used in multiple disciplines

33
Q

Define Query result set

A

The collection of data rows returned by query

34
Q

Define information

A

The result of processing raw data to reveal its meaning. Information consists of transformed data and facilitates decision-making.

35
Q

Define Islands of information

A

IN the old file system of environment, pools of independent, often duplicated, and inconsistent data created and managed by different departments.

36
Q

Define Query language

A

A nonprocedural language that is used by a DBMS to manipulate its data. An example of a query language is SQL

37
Q

Define Knowledge

A

The body of information and facts about a specific subject. Knowledge implies family, awareness, and understanding of information as it applies to an environment. A. key characteristic is that new knowledge can be derived from old Knowldegr.

38
Q

Define Query

A

A question or task asked by an end-user of a database in the form of SQL code. A specific request for data manipulation is issued by the end-user or the application to the DBMS.

39
Q

Define Logical Data Format

A

The way a person views data within the context of a problem domain.

40
Q

Define Production database

What is it also known as

A

Operational database

A database designed primarily to support a company’s day-to-day operations. Also known as a OLTP database( Online Transaction processing database) or production database

41
Q

Define Operational database

What else is it called

A

A database designed primarily to support a company’s day-to-day operations. Also known as an OLTP database( Online Transaction processing database) or production database

42
Q

Define Online transaction processing database.

What is the acronym?

What else is it called?

A

A database designed primarily to support a company’s day-to-day operations. Also known as a OLTP database( Online Transaction processing database) or production database

43
Q

Define metadata

A

Data about data.that is data about data characteristics and relationships.

44
Q

Definne Physical data Format

A

The way a computer “sees” (stores) data.

45
Q

Define a multiuser database

A

A database that supports multiple concurrent users

46
Q

Define performance tuning

A

Activities that make a database perform more efficiently in terms of storage and access speed.

47
Q

Define NoSQL

A

A generation of database management system that is not based on traditional relational database model.

48
Q

Define Online Analytical processing

What is the acronym for online analytical processing?

A

OLAP

Decision support system (DSS) tools are multidimensional data analysis techniques. OLAP creates an advanced data analysis environment that supports decision-making, business modeling, and operations research.

49
Q

Define Social Media

A

A web and mobile technologies that enable “anywhere, anytime, always-on” human interactions.

50
Q

What does SQL stand for?

Define it

A

Structured Query Language

A powerful and flexible relational database language composed of commands that enable users to create database and table structures, perform various types of data manipulation and dat administration, and query the database to extract useful information

51
Q

Define Structural Dependence

A

A data characteristic in which a change in the database schema affects data access, thus requiring changes in all access programs.

52
Q

Define Structural independence

A

A data characteristic in which changes in the database schema do not affect data access.

53
Q

Define structured data

A

Data that conforms to a predefined data model and has been formatted to facilitate storage, use, and information generation.

54
Q

Define Transactional database

What is another name for a transactional database

A

Operational database / Production database/ OTLP database

A database designed primarily to support a company’s day-to-day operations. Also known as a transactional database, OLTP database, or production database.

55
Q

Define unstructured data

A

Data that exists in its original, raw state; that is, in the format in which it was collected and does not confirm to a predefined data model.

56
Q

Define a Work group database

A

A multiuser database that usually supports fewer than 50 users or is used for a specific department in an organization.

57
Q

Define a XML database

A

A database system that stores and manages semistructured XML data

CIS 171 Datebases (1 decks)

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