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Yr 12 Software Development > Chapter 1- Data Types and Structures > Flashcards

Chapter 1- Data Types and Structures Flashcards

1
Q

32-bit computer system

A

32-bit computer system a computer system with 32 bits of memory addresses

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2
Q

64-bit computer system

A

64-bit computer system a computer system with 64 bits of memory addresses

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3
Q

Array

A

array a list of elements indexed by position. In most programming languages the first element has index zero.

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4
Q

Associative Array

A

associative array similar to an array; information is stored in key-value pairs

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5
Q

Binary File

A

binary file a computer-readable file, such as executable programs, images and sound

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6
Q

Boolean

A

boolean a data type with one of two possible values, 0 and 1, usually referred to as False and True, respectively

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7
Q

Camel Case

A

camel case a naming convention in programming where each word or abbreviation after the first in a phrase begins with a capital letter; there are no spaces or punctuation

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8
Q

Case Sensitive

A

case-sensitive a program’s ability to distinguish between upper-case and lower-case letters

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9
Q

Character

A

character a data type representing any single meaningful unit, such as a letter, a number, a punctuation mark, a symbol, or even a space

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10
Q

Character Encoding

A

character encoding a code that allows a computer program to interpret binary digits (0s and 1s) into meaningful units representing characters and numbers. For example, ASCII, UTF and Unicode are types of character encoding.

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11
Q

Child

A

child element any sub-element of a parent element in an XML file

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12
Q

Class

A

class a program code template for creating objects in object-oriented programming languages

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13
Q

Collision

A

collision when two di4erent input values to a hashing function output the same hash value

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14
Q

Constraint

A

constraint a restriction on what can and cannot occur in the creation of a software solution, external to the solution itself

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15
Q

CSV

A

CSV a comma-separated value file, which is a delimited file, separated by commas

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16
Q

Data Dictionary

A

data dictionary a set of information that describes elements within software, such as external to the solution itself

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17
Q

Data Structure

A

data structure a method of organising data to allow particular operations to be performed on them efficiently

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18
Q

Data Type

A

data type a method of classifying a variable to determine the data that variable can contain, as well as how that variable can be manipulated

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19
Q

Delimited File

A

delimited file a text file where data values are separated by a programmer-selected character

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20
Q

Delimiter

A

delimiter the character used to separate data values in a delimited file

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21
Q

De-Queue

A

dequeue removing and returning a value from the start of a queue

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22
Q

Dictionary

A

dictionary an associative array, also referred to as a map or symbol table

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23
Q

Enqure

A

enqueue inserting a value at the end of a queue

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24
Q

Field

A

field a single data item in a record, e.g. FamilyName

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25
Q

FIFO

A

first in first out (FIFO) the first element in a queue is the first element out of the queue

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26
Q

Floating Point

A

floating point computer representation of real numbers, with decimal places

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27
Q

Hard Coding

A

hard-coding to include fixed data in a program that cannot be changed during run-time and can only be changed by modifying the program source code

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28
Q

Hash Function

A

hash function a function that takes a key value and returns another, related, value that is normally smaller than the original value

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29
Q

Hash Table

A

hash table a data structure that uses a hash function to map keys to values by computing an index that is related to, but smaller than, the initial key

30
Q

Header

A

header comment a set of meaningful comments at the top of a source code file, outlining information such as the name of the file, its purpose, the author’s name and the date of creation

31
Q

Hungarian Notation

A

Hungarian notation a naming convention in computer programming where the name of the variable or function determines its purpose and its data type or structure

32
Q

Imperfect Hash

A

imperfect hash a hash function where two or more keys can be computed to have the same hash index

33
Q

Inheritance

A

inheritance a method of basing an object or class on another object or class, taking on its attributes and methods and potentially extending upon them

34
Q

Instantation

A

instantiation in object oriented programming, the process by which an object is created from a class

35
Q

Integer

A

integer a data type representing whole positive and negative numbers

36
Q

Integer Overflow

A

integer overflow a condition occurring as a result of a mathematical operation where the output exceeds the maximum or minimum integer value that can be stored on that computer system

37
Q

Interface

A

interface within software, the place where people control the program, enter data and receive output

38
Q

Internal Documentation

A

internal documentation notes and code comments contained within source code that describe the code

39
Q

LIFO

A

last in first out (LIFO) the last element in a stack is the first element out of the stack

40
Q

Linked List

A

linked list a data structure containing an ordered set of elements in which each element is connected to the next element in the list

41
Q

Mock up

A

mock-up a sketch showing how a screen or printout will look, used to aid in the design of an interface

42
Q

Naming Convention

A

naming convention an agreed set of rules by which to name source code elements such as variables, functions, classes, methods and objects

43
Q

Node

A

node a basic unit of a data structure that may contain data and/or link to other nodes

44
Q

Non-technical Constraints

A

non-technical constraints limitations relating to areas other than hardware and software: social, legal and usability

45
Q

Numeric

A

numeric a data type consisting of whole numbers, referred to as integers, and decimal numbers, referred to as floating points

46
Q

Object

A

object any instantiated class that a program can inspect and/or change, in terms of appearance, behaviour or data

47
Q

Object Description

A

object description a way of describing all of the relevant properties, methods and events of an object

48
Q

Parent Element

A

parent element any element in an XML file that contains at least one sub-element

49
Q

Perfect Hash

A

perfect hash a hash function where no two keys can be computed to have the same hash index

50
Q

Plain Text

A

plain text file a structured file that contains characters of readable data

51
Q

Pointer

A

pointer a programming language element that stores the memory address of another data value located in memory; the pointer ‘points’ to that memory space

52
Q

Stack

A

pop an element of data removed from the top of a stack, moving all remaining stack elements up one place

53
Q

Prolog

A

prolog the information in an XML file that appears before the start of the document’s contents, including information such as the XML version and character encoding that is being used

54
Q

Pseudocode

A

pseudocode code that designs algorithms in a clear, human-readable, language-independent format

55
Q

Stack

A

push an element of data inserted at the top of a stack, moving all current stack elements down one place

56
Q

Queue

A

queue a ‘first in first out’ data structure storing elements to be processed in order

57
Q

RAM

A

RAM random access memory; a type of computer memory that can be accessed randomly; it is most often volatile memory that is lost if power is removed

58
Q

Record

A

record a complete set of fields relating to an entity, such as a person

59
Q

Root Element

A

root element a parent element to all other elements in an XML file

60
Q

Scope

A

scope the boundaries or parameters of the solution – what it will do and what it will not do

61
Q

Snake Case

A

snake case a naming convention in programming where each word or abbreviation in the middle of a phrase is joined using an underscore

62
Q

Solution requirements

A

solution requirements what the client needs from the solution in relation to its features

63
Q

Technical constraints

A

technical constraints constraints related to the hardware and software available for the project

64
Q

Text File

A

text file a structured file containing sequences of characters that are not encrypted, such as a plain text file or CSV file

65
Q

Tree

A

tree the structure of an XML file that contains a root element and all of its sub-elements

66
Q

Variable

A

variable a method of storing and labelling data to be referenced and manipulated in a computer program

67
Q

Version Control

A

version control system a software product that manages the revisions, changes and parallel editing of source code and its related documentation

68
Q

XML

A

XML eXtensible Markup Language, a metalanguage that allows for user-defined tags and rules for encoding documents in a format that is readable by humans and machines

69
Q

Stack

A

stack a ‘last in first out’ data structure

70
Q

String

A

string a data type representing a set or sequence of character data types

71
Q

Struct

A

struct record used in database systems and programming languages

Yr 12 Software Development (6 decks)

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