Chapter 1- Crime and Criminology

Question 1

What the elements of Classical Criminology theory

Answer 1

1. People have free will to choose criminal or lawful behaviour
2. Criminal solutions may be more attractive than lawful ones
3. Choice of criminal solution may be controlled by fear of punishment
4. More certain, swift and severe the punishment, more likely to control criminal behaviour

Question 2

What are the elements of Positivist Criminology

Answer 2

1. Behaviour function of external forces

2. Reliance on scientific method

Question 3

Sociological Criminolgy

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Question 4

What if Conflict Criminology

Answer 4

Conflict theory
Economic system is responbile for social conditions that support high crime rates
behaviour shaped by interpersonal conflict

Question 5

Slide 17 is important

Question 6

what are the six components of the Criminological enterprise

Answer 6

1. Criminal stats - measuring amount of, and trends in criminal activity
2. Sociology of law
   a. role of social force in shaping criminal law
   b. role of criminal law in shaping society
3. theory construction
   - psychological view
   - biological view
   - sociologist view
4. criminal behaviour systems - research on specific criminal types and patterns
5. penology - correction and control of criminal offenders
   - rehabilitation
   - Social control policy
6. victimology - role of the victim in criminal process

Question 7

Crime and Criminal Law

Explains Precedents and Common law

Answer 7

Precedent- when the same rule is applied in number of cases

Common law- precedents commonly applied in similar cases

Question 8

Common Law Aspects

Answer 8

Mala in se- inherently evil and depraved

Mala prohibitum - crimes defined by parliament, reflected social conditions

Question 9

What are the 2 types of Criminal Law Offences

Answer 9

1. Indictable Offences (serious)

2. Summary offences (less serious)

Question 10

What is Deviance?

Answer 10

Behaviour that departs from social norm, but not criminal

Question 11

What is a crime?

Answer 11

deviant behaviour that breaks a law

Question 12

What is a criminal

Answer 12

A person who commits an act that violates criminal law

Question 13

What the elements of a Crime

Answer 13

Actus Reus - the guilty act (actions must be voluntary)
Mens rea- the guilty mind (intent

for most part, both must be present to commit a crime (Absolute Liability Crimes don’t require mens rea)

Question 14

What elements does a successful criminal defense have?

Answer 14

1. Deny actus reus - claim they have been falsely accused

2. Deny mens rea - lacks intent needed to be guilty