Chapter 1 - Concepts of Nutrition Flashcards
Do plants require inorganic elements, organic elements, or both?
require only inorganic elements, ex. nitrogen, CO2, solar energy
What is nutrition according to what a dictionary might say?
it is the interrelated steps by which a living organism assimilates food and uses it for growth, tissue repair and replacement, or elaboration of products.
What is a nutrient?
- any chemical element or compound in the diet that supports normal reproduction, growth, lactation, or maintenance of life processes
What are the seven classes of nutrients?
water, protein and amino acids, carbohydrates, lipids, vitamins, inorganic elements, and oxygen
How can energy be provided, in regards to the seven nutrients?
via fat, carbohydrates, amino acids after nitrogen removal
Define essential nutrient
it is a nutrient that cannot be synthesized by the body but is required in the diet because of this
What type of animal was used to learn more about vitamins, amino acids, minerals, and toxicants?
rat
What animal was used to learn more about insulin and metabolism of carbohydrates, and discovering the role of nicotinic acid in regards to pellegra?
the dog
What animal model was used to discover the cause and prevention of scurvy?
guinea pig
define marasmus
a deficiency of energy, protein, and possibly other nutrients
define kwasiorkior
deficiency of protein quality and/or quantity
What deficiency causes a goiter?
iodine deficiency
How many nutrients are required in most animal diets for normal life processes?
More than 40 nutrients
