Chapter 1: Concepts 1.1-1.3 Flashcards
Properties of Life
Order
Evolutionary Adaptation
Regulation
Energy Processing
Growth & Development
Environment Response
Reproduction
Life is Ordered
Organized into highly ordered structures.
Energy must be put into the system to maintain order.
Non-living things can also be ordered but are considered less than living things.
Life Uses Energy
Maintenance of order.
Reproduction.
Movement in the environment.
Obtaining food and resources for growth and development.
Life Undergoes Growth & Development
DNA is inherited and controls the pattern of growth and development through the regulation of gene expression.
Life Responds to its Environment
Constant monitoring of its environment.
Avoidance of predators.
Change of diet according to the season.
Regulating internal conditions (Temperature).
Life Regulates Itself
Homeostasis is the steady-state regulation of the organism.
It is often a response to the environment.
Life Reproduces
The need to make more of its own kind.
Asexual and sexual are modes of reproduction, such as cloning, fragmentation, budding and sex.
Life Adapts by Evolutionary Adaptation
Population of species (never as an individual) adapt to their changing environment by evolution.
The environment selects against individuals that are not suited to the environment by way of natural selection.
Eukaryotes
Domain: Eukarya.
Use DNA as genetic code.
Have a nucleus and other internal compartments, membrane-bounded organelles.
Single-celled & Multicellular.
Prokaryotes
Domain: Bacteria & Archaea.
Use DNA as genetic code.
No nucleus or other internal compartments, membrane-bounded organelles.
Always single-celled.
Emergent Properties
As complexity increases, new properties arise with each upward step owing to the arrangement and interactions between the parts.
Reductionism
Concentrating the parts separately help make complex systems easier to study. Parts can be understood better by changing them and seeing how that affects the whole.
Systems Biology explores the biological system by analyzing the interactions of its parts.
Mitosis
DNA is replicated and passed down to each cell.
The cell then divides through cytokinesis to produce more cells known as cell division.
Meiosis
DNA is passed down to future generations with half of the genetic material, known as gametes, from each parent.
The Central Dogma
Transcription makes RNA from DNA.
Translation makes a polypeptide, also known as a protein, based on the code in the RNA.
There are many specific categories of polypeptides.
The order of the amino acids in the protein controls how the protein is folded and shaped.
Form = Function
