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Plant Molecular Biology > Chapter 1: Compartments > Flashcards

Chapter 1: Compartments Flashcards

1
Q

What is the structure that defines each cell’s boundary?

A

plasma membrane

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2
Q

What is the principal function of membranes?

A

to act as a barrier to diffusion of most water-soluble molecules

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3
Q

The _________ _________ acts as scaffolding for certain proteins.

A

plasma membrane

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4
Q

BE ABLE TO IDENTIFY THE ORGANELLES!

A

..

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5
Q

What are the 2 components that all cellular membranes have?

A

a bilayer of polar lipid molecules and associated proteins

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6
Q

DEFINITION: general permeability barrier, because most water-soluble (polar) molecules cannot readily traverse its nonpolar interior.

A

lipid bilayer
-hydrophilic, polar head
-hydrophobic, non-polar tail

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7
Q

What 3 plant membranes have an inner and outer membrane?

A

nuclear envelope, chloroplast envelope, mitochondria

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8
Q

All basic types of cell membranes are _____________.

A

inherited

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9
Q

What are the 3 membrane inheritance rules?

A
  1. Daughter cells inherit a complete set of membrane types from their mother.
  2. Each potential mother cell maintains a complete set of membranes.
  3. New membranes arise by growth and fission of existing membranes.
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10
Q

The _____________ nature of membrane lipids allows for the spontaneous assembly of bilayers.

A

amphipathic

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11
Q

In reference to the size of their hydrophilic heads, what size heads do sterols have?

A

small

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12
Q

What are the 5 ways a phospholipid can move in the plane of the membrane/through the bilayer?

A
  1. Lateral diffusion
  2. Bobbing
  3. Flexion
  4. Rotation
  5. Flip-flop
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13
Q

Phospholipids move __________ in the plane of the membrane, but very __________ from one side of the bilayer to the other.

A

rapidly; slowly

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14
Q

What is the name for the phospholipid translator that flips a phospholipid from one side of the bilayer to the other?

A

flippase

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15
Q

Cells optimize the __________ of their membrane by controlling lipid composition.

A

fluidity

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16
Q

What are two things that affect the temperature of melting of some phospholipids?

A
  1. fatty acid chain length
  2. double bonds
17
Q

High or Low Temp?
Long fatty acid chain
No double bond

A

high temp

18
Q

High or Low Temp?
Short fatty acid chain
Double bond

A

low temp

19
Q

Membrane proteins associate with __________ __________ in many different ways.

A

lipid bilayers

20
Q

The __________-_________ membrane model predicts structural and dynamic properties of cell membranes.

A

fluid-mosaic

21
Q

_________ ________________ leads to characteristic changes in plasma membrane lipid composition.

A

cold acclimation

22
Q

What is another name for the Hechtian strands that connect the protoplasts to the cell wall in the plasma membrane?

A

arrowheads

23
Q

The endomembrane system forms a ______________ network, the organizations of which changes during the cell cycle development.

A

dynamic

24
Q

The classical literature distinguishes 3 types of ER membranes: What are they?

A
  1. rough ER
  2. smooth ER
  3. nuclear envelope
25
Q

______ bodies off a smooth ER membrane; _______ bodies that bud from specialized rough ER

A

oil; protein

26
Q

______________ ____________ mediate the transfer of newly synthesized secretory/storage/membrane proteins from the ER to the Golgi apparatus.

A

transport vesicles

27
Q

_____ ________________ _____________ appear to mediate non-vesicular lipid transport between the ER and other membrane systems.

A

ER attachment domains

28
Q

Plant golgi apparatus consists of dispersed golgi stack-golgi associated TGN (trans-golgi networks) units that exhibit a ____________ ______________ organization.

A

polar cisternal

29
Q

The Golgi scaffold/matrix originates on ___________ buds and mediates ER-to-Golgi _______ vesicle transport.

A

COPII

30
Q

The _________-most Golgi cistern give rise to TGN cisternae that sort and package Golgi products.

A

trans

31
Q

The Golgi apparatus is a ________________ factory.

A

carbohydrate

32
Q

DEFINITION: secretory vesicles derived from the TGN fuse with the plasma membrane, releasing their contents into the extracellular space.

A

exocytosis

33
Q

DEFINITION: a process by which cells absorb external material by engulfing it with the cell membrane.

A

endocytosis

34
Q

In the process of excess plasma membrane molecules being returned to the cytoplasm, endocytosis is mediated by ___________-_________ _______________ (_____) that contain membrane proteins and lipids.

A

clathrin-coated vesicles (CCVs)

Plant Molecular Biology (3 decks)

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